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We propose a new Q-learning variant, called 2RA Q-learning, that addresses some weaknesses of existing Q-learning methods in a principled manner. One such weakness is an underlying estimation bias which cannot be controlled and often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Peter Schmitt-Förster , Tobias Sutter

The goal of this paper is to propose a new Q-learning algorithm with a dummy adversarial player, which is called dummy adversarial Q-learning (DAQ), that can effectively regulate the overestimation bias in standard Q-learning. With the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 HyeAnn Lee , Donghwan Lee

This paper develops a sign-separated finite-time error analysis for constant step-size Q-learning. Starting from the switching-system representation, the error is decomposed into its componentwise negative and positive parts. The negative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Donghwan Lee

The objective of this paper is to investigate the finite-time analysis of a Q-learning algorithm applied to two-player zero-sum Markov games. Specifically, we establish a finite-time analysis of both the minimax Q-learning algorithm and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Donghwan Lee

Deep Q-learning Network (DQN) is a successful way which combines reinforcement learning with deep neural networks and leads to a widespread application of reinforcement learning. One challenging problem when applying DQN or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Zhe Zhang , Yukun Zou , Junjie Lai , Qing Xu

Optimal trade execution is an important problem faced by essentially all traders. Much research into optimal execution uses stringent model assumptions and applies continuous time stochastic control to solve them. Here, we instead take a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-06-09 Brian Ning , Franco Ho Ting Lin , Sebastian Jaimungal

The use of target networks is a common practice in deep reinforcement learning for stabilizing the training; however, theoretical understanding of this technique is still limited. In this paper, we study the so-called periodic Q-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Donghwan Lee , Niao He

The optimistic nature of the Q-learning target leads to an overestimation bias, which is an inherent problem associated with standard $Q-$learning. Such a bias fails to account for the possibility of low returns, particularly in risky…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Thommen George Karimpanal , Hung Le , Majid Abdolshah , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Truyen Tran , Svetha Venkatesh

Reinforcement learning algorithms based on Q-learning are driving Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) research towards solving complex problems and achieving super-human performance on many of them. Nevertheless, Q-Learning is known to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Andrea Cini , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Cesare Alippi

In this article, we propose a novel algorithm for deep reinforcement learning named Expert Q-learning. Expert Q-learning is inspired by Dueling Q-learning and aims at incorporating semi-supervised learning into reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Li Meng , Anis Yazidi , Morten Goodwin , Paal Engelstad

Q-learning is a stochastic approximation version of the classic value iteration. The literature has established that Q-learning suffers from both maximization bias and slower convergence. Recently, multi-step algorithms have shown practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Antony Vijesh , Shreyas S R

Continuous control Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches are known to suffer from estimation biases, leading to suboptimal policies. This paper introduces innovative methods in RL, focusing on addressing and exploiting estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Niccolò Turcato , Alberto Sinigaglia , Alberto Dalla Libera , Ruggero Carli , Gian Antonio Susto

Watkins' and Dayan's Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm that iteratively refines an estimate for the optimal action-value function of an MDP by stochastically "visiting" many state-ation pairs [Watkins and Dayan,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Matthew T. Regehr , Alex Ayoub

Reinforcement learning has been successful both empirically and theoretically in single-agent settings, but extending these results to multi-agent reinforcement learning in general-sum Markov games remains challenging. This paper studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Narim Jeong , Donghwan Lee

The breakthrough of deep Q-Learning on different types of environments revolutionized the algorithmic design of Reinforcement Learning to introduce more stable and robust algorithms, to that end many extensions to deep Q-Learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mohammed Sabry , Amr M. A. Khalifa

Randomized ensembled double Q-learning (REDQ) (Chen et al., 2021b) has recently achieved state-of-the-art sample efficiency on continuous-action reinforcement learning benchmarks. This superior sample efficiency is made possible by using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Takuya Hiraoka , Takahisa Imagawa , Taisei Hashimoto , Takashi Onishi , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Alleviating overestimation bias is a critical challenge for deep reinforcement learning to achieve successful performance on more complex tasks or offline datasets containing out-of-distribution data. In order to overcome overestimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Dohyeok Lee , Seungyub Han , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

Q-learning with neural network function approximation (neural Q-learning for short) is among the most prevalent deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Despite its empirical success, the non-asymptotic convergence rate of neural Q-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Pan Xu , Quanquan Gu

In value-based deep reinforcement learning methods, approximation of value functions induces overestimation bias and leads to suboptimal policies. We show that in deep actor-critic methods that aim to overcome the overestimation bias, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Baturay Saglam , Enes Duran , Dogan C. Cicek , Furkan B. Mutlu , Suleyman S. Kozat

Deep Q-learning algorithms remain notoriously unstable, especially during early training when the maximization operator amplifies estimation errors. Inspired by bounded rationality theory and developmental learning, we introduce Sat-EnQ, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ünver Çiftçi