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Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

The growing need for automated and personalized feedback in programming education has led to recent interest in leveraging generative AI for feedback generation. However, current approaches tend to rely on prompt engineering techniques in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Tung Phung , Nachiket Kotalwar , Michael Liut , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Adish Singla

Measuring the generalization ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging due to data contamination. As models grow and computation becomes cheaper, ensuring tasks and test cases are unseen during training phases will become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sougata Saha , Monojit Choudhury

Omni-modal models that have multimodal input and output are emerging. However, benchmarking their multimodal generation, especially in image generation, is challenging due to the subtleties of human preferences and model biases. Many image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Feng Liang , Sizhe Cheng , Chenqi Yi , Yong Wang

Automated theorem proving (ATP) has become an appealing domain for exploring the reasoning ability of the recent successful generative language models. However, current ATP benchmarks mainly focus on symbolic inference, but rarely involve…

The definition of a concise and effective testbed for Genetic Programming (GP) is a recurrent matter in the research community. This paper takes a new step in this direction, proposing a different approach to measure the quality of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Luiz Otavio Vilas Boas Oliveira , Joao Francisco Barreto da Silva Martins , Luis Fernando Miranda , Gisele Lobo Pappa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. However, when training reasoning models, these approaches are primarily applicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Visual programming environments are increasingly part of the curriculum in schools. Their potential for promoting creative thinking of students is an important factor in their adoption. However, there does not exist a standard approach for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Anastasia Kovalkov , Avi Segal , Kobi Gal

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to interpret visual representations of data is crucial for advancing their application in data analysis and decision-making processes. This paper presents a novel synthetic dataset designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Aneta Pawelec , Victoria Sara Wesołowska , Zuzanna Bączek , Piotr Sankowski

Programmatic video generation through code offers geometric precision and temporal coherence beyond pixel-level diffusion models, yet rigorously evaluating whether language models can produce spatially correct animated outputs remains an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiran Zhang , Yuheng Wang , Runde Yang , Lin Wu , Jingru Fan , Shu Yao , Jie Zhang , Tianle Zhou , Huatao Li , Ruijie Shi , Yihan Li , Chen Qian

Symbolic regression is the process of identifying mathematical expressions that fit observed output from a black-box process. It is a discrete optimization problem generally believed to be NP-hard. Prior approaches to solving the problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Mikel Landajuela , Ruben Glatt , Claudio P. Santiago , Daniel M. Faissol , Brenden K. Petersen

In this work, we make the first attempt to evaluate LLMs in a more challenging code generation scenario, i.e. class-level code generation. We first manually construct the first class-level code generation benchmark ClassEval of 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Hanlin Wang , Junwei Liu , Yixuan Chen , Jiayi Feng , Chaofeng Sha , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Providing effective feedback is important for student learning in programming problem-solving. In this sense, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools to automate feedback generation. However, their reliability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Priscylla Silva , Evandro Costa

Fine-tuning pre-trained foundational language models (FLM) for specific tasks is often impractical, especially for resource-constrained devices. This necessitates the development of a Lifelong Learning (L3) framework that continuously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Aidin Shiri , Kaushik Roy , Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

Large-Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way learners acquire knowledge outside the classroom setting. Previous studies have shown that LLMs seem effective in generating to short and simple questions in introductory CS courses using…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yihan Zhang , Brigitte Pientka , Xujie Si

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of the performance of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model in Harvard's CS171 data visualization course. While previous studies have focused on GPT's ability to generate code for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Chen Zhu-Tian , Chenyang Zhang , Qianwen Wang , Jakob Troidl , Simon Warchol , Johanna Beyer , Nils Gehlenborg , Hanspeter Pfister

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3, PaLM, and Llama has significantly transformed natural language processing, showcasing remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating language. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang

Symbolic execution now becomes an indispensable technique for software testing and program analysis. There are several symbolic execution tools available off-the-shelf, and we need a practical benchmark approach to learn their capabilities.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Hui Xu , Zirui Zhao , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu