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Fake speech detection systems have become a necessity to combat against speech deepfakes. Current systems exhibit poor generalizability on out-of-domain speech samples due to lack to diverse training data. In this paper, we attempt to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Rishith Sadashiv T N , Abhishek Bedge , Saisha Suresh Bore , Jagabandhu Mishra , Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee , S R Mahadeva Prasanna

Many speech enhancement (SE) methods rely on continuous representations. Recently, discrete audio tokens have been explored to enable autoregressive generation for SE. However, it remains unclear whether discretization itself consistently…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jingyi Li , Luca Della Libera , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Recent self-supervised learning (SSL) models have proven to learn rich representations of speech, which can readily be utilized by diverse downstream tasks. To understand such utilities, various analyses have been done for speech SSL models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-24 Cheol Jun Cho , Peter Wu , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Different self-supervised tasks (SSL) reveal different features from the data. The learned feature representations can exhibit different performance for each downstream task. In this light, this work aims to combine Multiple SSL tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Arun Balajee Vasudevan , Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool

In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

The expanding research on manifold-based self-supervised learning (SSL) builds on the manifold hypothesis, which suggests that the inherent complexity of high-dimensional data can be unraveled through lower-dimensional manifold embeddings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Li Meng , Morten Goodwin , Anis Yazidi , Paal Engelstad

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has made great strides recently. SSL speech models achieve decent performance on a wide range of downstream tasks, suggesting that they extract different aspects of information from speech. However, how SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Chi-Luen Feng , Po-chun Hsu , Hung-yi Lee

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has significantly advanced acoustic representation learning. However, most existing models are optimised for either speech or audio event understanding, resulting in a persistent gap between these two domains.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Zengrui Jin , Ziyun Cui , Wen Wu , Baoxiang Li , Chao Zhang , Phil Woodland

Large language models show that simple autoregressive training can yield scalable and coherent generation, but extending this paradigm to speech remains challenging due to the entanglement of semantic and acoustic information. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Self-supervised speech (SSL) models have recently become widely adopted for many downstream speech processing tasks. The general usage pattern is to employ SSL models as feature extractors, and then train a downstream prediction head to…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yi-Jen Shih , David Harwath

Depression, a prevalent mental health disorder impacting millions globally, demands reliable assessment systems. Unlike previous studies that focus solely on either detecting depression or predicting its severity, our work identifies…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has reduced the reliance on expensive labeling in speech technologies by learning meaningful representations from unannotated data. Since most SSL-based downstream tasks prioritize content information in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Giuseppe Ruggiero , Matteo Testa , Jurgen Van de Walle , Luigi Di Caro

Code-switching (CS) is common in daily conversations where more than one language is used within a sentence. The difficulties of CS speech recognition lie in alternating languages and the lack of transcribed data. Therefore, this paper uses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Heng-Jui Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Distilled self-supervised models have shown competitive performance and efficiency in recent years. However, there is a lack of experience in jointly distilling multiple self-supervised speech models. In our work, we performed Ensemble…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Kuan-Po Huang , Tzu-hsun Feng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Tsu-Yuan Hsu , Po-Chieh Yen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Recent work on discrete speech tokenization has paved the way for models that can seamlessly perform multiple tasks across modalities, e.g., speech recognition, text to speech, speech to speech translation. Moreover, large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Viet Anh Trinh , Rosy Southwell , Yiwen Guan , Xinlu He , Zhiyong Wang , Jacob Whitehill

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has proven vital in speech and audio-related applications. The paradigm trains a general model on unlabeled data that can later be used to solve specific downstream tasks. This type of model is costly to train…

Multilingual speech data often suffer from long-tailed language distribution, resulting in performance degradation. However, multilingual text data is much easier to obtain, yielding a more useful general language model. Hence, we are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Kwanghee Choi , Hyung-Min Park

Recent developments in speech synthesis have produced systems capable of outcome intelligible speech, but now researchers strive to create models that more accurately mimic human voices. One such development is the incorporation of multiple…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Marvin Coto-Jiménez , John Goddard-Close

ML-SUPERB evaluates self-supervised learning (SSL) models on the tasks of language identification and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This benchmark treats the models as feature extractors and uses a single shallow downstream model,…

Self-supervised learned (SSL) speech pre-trained models perform well across various speech processing tasks. Distilled versions of SSL models have been developed to match the needs of on-device speech applications. Though having similar…

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