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Channel knowledge map (CKM) is emerging as a critical enabler for environment-aware 6G networks, offering a site-specific database to significantly reduce pilot overhead. However, existing CKM construction methods typically rely on sparse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Le Zhao , Yining Wang , Xinyi Wang , Zesong Fei , Yong Zeng

Channel knowledge map (CKM) provides certain levels of channel state information (CSI) for an area of interest, serving as a critical enabler for environment-aware communications by reducing the overhead of frequent CSI acquisition.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Yancheng Wang , Wei Guo , Chuan Huang , Guanying Chen , Ye Zhang , Shuguang Cui

To alleviate the pilot and CSI-feedback burden in 6G, channel knowledge map (CKM) has emerged as a promising approach that predicts CSI solely from user locations. Nevertheless, accurate location information is rarely available in current…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Kequan Zhou , Guangyi Zhang , Hanlei Li , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu

The substantial communication resources consumed by conventional pilot-based channel sounding impose an unsustainable overhead, presenting a critical scalability challenge for the future 6G networks characterized by massive channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Yancheng Wang , Chuan Huang , Songyang Zhang , Guanying Chen , Wei Guo , Shenglun Lan , Lexi Xu , Xinzhou Cheng , Xiongyan Tang , Shuguang Cui

This paper investigates the construction of channel knowledge map (CKM) from sparse channel measurements. Dif ferent from conventional two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) CKM approaches assuming fixed base station configurations, we present a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Juncong Zhou , Chao Hu , Guanlin Wu , Zixiang Ren , Han Hu , Juyong Zhang , Rui Zhang , Jie Xu

Channel knowledge map (CKM) has been recently proposed to enable environment-aware communications by utilizing historical or simulation generated wireless channel data. This paper studies the construction of one particular type of CKM,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Xiaoli Xu , Yong Zeng

The construction of channel gain map (CGM) is essential for realizing environment-aware wireless communications expected in 6G, for which a fundamental problem is how to predict the channel gains at unknown locations effectively by a finite…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiayi Chen , Ruifeng Gao , Jue Wang , Shu Sun , Yi Wu

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided communication is a promising technology for beyond 5G (B5G) systems, to reconfigure the radio environment proactively. However, IRS-aided communication in practice requires efficient channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Dingyang Ding , Di Wu , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

The channel knowledge map (CKM) enables efficient construction of high-fidelity mapping between spatial environments and channel parameters via electromagnetic information analysis. Nevertheless, existing studies are largely confined to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Haohan Wang , Xu Shi , Hengyu Zhang , Yashuai Cao , Sufang Yang , Jintao Wang , Kaibin Huang

The Channel Knowledge Map (CKM) maps position information to channel state information, leveraging environmental knowledge to reduce signaling overhead in sixth-generation networks. However, constructing a reliable CKM demands substantial…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ting Wang , Chiya Zhang , Chang Liu , Zhuoyuan Hao , Rubing Han , Weizheng Zhang , Chunlong He

This paper introduces a novel channel knowledge map (CKM)-assisted dual-domain tracking and predictive beamforming scheme for high-mobility wireless networks. The central premise is that the CKM integrates both the coordinate and beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Ruolin Du , Zhiqiang Wei , Zai Yang , Lei Yang , Yong Zeng , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Jinhong Yuan

As one of the key usage scenarios for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) provides an efficient framework to achieve simultaneous wireless sensing and communication. However, traditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Di Wu , Zhuoyin Dai , Yong Zeng

Channel knowledge map (CKM) emerges as a promising framework to acquire location-specific channel information without consuming wireless resources, creating new horizons for advanced wireless network design and optimization. Despite its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xu Shi , Haohan Wang , Yashuai Cao , Hengyu Zhang , Sufang Yang , Jintao Wang

Accurate localization in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments remains challenging even with both angle-of-arrival (AoA) and time-of-arrival (ToA) measurements. In complex urban scenarios, the absence of line-of-sight (LoS) paths and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Chentao Hong , Di Wu , Liang Wu , Zaichen Zhang , Yong Zeng

Channel knowledge map (CKM) is a promising technology to enable environment-aware wireless communications and sensing. Link state map (LSM) is one particular type of CKM that aims to learn the location-specific line-of-sight (LoS) link…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Xiaoli Xu , Yong Zeng , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu

Hybrid analog/digital beamforming is a promising technique to realize millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems cost-effectively. However, existing hybrid beamforming designs mainly rely on real-time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Di Wu , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

Channel Knowledge Map (CKM) is an emerging data-driven toolbox that captures our awareness of the wireless channel and enables efficient communication and resource allocation beyond the state of the art. In this work, we consider CKM for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Ladan Khaloopour , Matthias Hollick , Vahid Jamali

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system is expected to achieve enormous transmission rate, provided that the transmit and receive beams are properly aligned with the MIMO channel. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-22 Di Wu , Yong Zeng , Shi jin , Rui Zhang

Channel knowledge map (CKM) has emerged as a crucial technology for next-generation communication, enabling the construction of high-fidelity mappings between spatial environments and channel parameters via electromagnetic information…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Haohan Wang , Xu Shi , Hengyu Zhang , Yashuai Cao , Jintao Wang

Channel knowledge map (CKM) is a novel approach for achieving environment-aware communication and sensing. This paper presents an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)-based CKM prototype system, demonstrating the mutualistic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Chaoyue Zhang , Zhiwen Zhou , Xiaoli Xu , Yong Zeng , Zaichen Zhang , Shi Jin