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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

In enterprise settings, efficiently retrieving relevant information from large and complex knowledge bases is essential for operational productivity and informed decision-making. This research presents a systematic empirical framework for…

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are a widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the industry. While many tools exist empowering developers to build their own systems, measuring their performance locally, with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Rafael Teixeira de Lima , Shubham Gupta , Cesar Berrospi , Lokesh Mishra , Michele Dolfi , Peter Staar , Panagiotis Vagenas

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) pipelines are commonly used in tasks such as question-answering (QA), relying on retrieving relevant documents from a vector store computed using a pretrained embedding model. However, if the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ambuje Gupta , Mrinal Rawat , Andreas Stolcke , Roberto Pieraccini

Carbon footprint accounting is crucial for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.The dynamic nature of processes, accounting rules, carbon-related policies, and energy supply structures necessitates real-time…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Haijin Wang , Mianrong Zhang , Zheng Chen , Nan Shang , Shangheng Yao , Fushuan Wen , Junhua Zhao

The rising energy demands of machine learning (ML), e.g., implemented in popular variants like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, have raised significant concerns about their environmental sustainability. While previous research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhinuan Guo , Chushu Gao , Justus Bogner

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are emerging as a key approach for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge, addressing limitations in factual accuracy and contextual relevance. However, there is a lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Md Toufique Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Ayman Asad Khan , Mika Saari , Pekka Abrahamsson

The advent of Large Language Models has revolutionized information retrieval, ushering in a new era of expansive knowledge accessibility. While these models excel in providing open-world knowledge, effectively extracting answers in diverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Syed Rameel Ahmad

Timely and accurate situation awareness is vital for decision-making in humanitarian response, conflict monitoring, and early warning and early action. However, the manual analysis of vast and heterogeneous data sources often results in…

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach to mitigate the limitations of large language models (LLMs) in answering domain-specific questions. Previous research has predominantly focused on improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Mohammad Hassan Heydari , Arshia Hemmat , Erfan Naman , Afsaneh Fatemi

Technology-enhanced learning environments often help students retrieve relevant learning content for questions arising during self-paced study. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as novel aids for information retrieval during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eason Chen , Chuangji Li , Shizhuo Li , Zimo Xiao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

GeoGPT is an open large language model system built to advance research in the geosciences. To enhance its domain-specific capabilities, we integrated Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG), which augments model outputs with relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Fei Huang , Fan Wu , Zeqing Zhang , Qihao Wang , Long Zhang , Grant Michael Boquet , Hongyang Chen

This technical report details a novel approach to combining reasoning and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) within a single, lean language model architecture. While existing RAG systems typically rely on large-scale models and external…

As the impact of global climate change intensifies, corporate carbon emissions have become a focal point of global attention. In response to issues such as the lag in climate change knowledge updates within large language models, the lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhixuan Cao , Ming Han , Jingtao Wang , Meng Jia

Large language models that use retrieval augmented generation have the potential to unlock valuable knowledge for researchers, policymakers, and the public by making long and technical climate-related documents more accessible. While this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 David Thulke , Jakob Kemmler , Christian Dugast , Hermann Ney

In this paper, we introduce Technical-Embeddings, a novel framework designed to optimize semantic retrieval in technical documentation, with applications in both hardware and software development. Our approach addresses the challenges of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Songjiang Lai , Tsun-Hin Cheung , Ka-Chun Fung , Kaiwen Xue , Kwan-Ho Lin , Yan-Ming Choi , Vincent Ng , Kin-Man Lam

New technologies in generative AI can enable deeper analysis into our nation's supply chains but truly informative insights require the continual updating and aggregation of massive data in a timely manner. Large Language Models (LLMs)…

With the rapid development of large-scale language models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted. However, existing RAG paradigms are inevitably influenced by erroneous retrieval information, thereby reducing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ridong Wu , Shuhong Chen , Xiangbiao Su , Yuankai Zhu , Yifei Liao , Jianming Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful and widely used approach for improving large language models by grounding generation in retrieved evidence. However, RAG systems still produce incorrect answers in many cases. Why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Zhibo Zhang , Nuohan Lin , Shenglai Zeng , Jie Ren , Haoyu Han , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for technical documents creates challenges as embeddings do not often capture domain information. We review prior art for important factors affecting RAG and perform experiments to highlight best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sumit Soman , Sujoy Roychowdhury
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