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It is known that user-centered approaches to requirements engineering in general lead to a better suited product for the end-users. LLM4RE provides promising approaches to support the requirements elicitation process (e.g. classification of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Cedric Wellhausen , Laura Reinhardt , Kurt Schneider

Formal specifications play a central role in ensuring software reliability and correctness. However, automatically synthesizing high-quality formal specifications remains a challenging task, often requiring domain expertise. Recent work has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Iris Ma , Cristina V. Lopes

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era for design science in Information Systems, demanding a paradigm shift in tailoring LLMs design for business contexts. We propose and test a novel framework to customize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Wen Wang , Zhenyue Zhao , Tianshu Sun

Large language models are increasingly used to generate code from natural language, but ensuring correctness remains challenging. Formal verification offers a principled way to obtain such guarantees by proving that a program satisfies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhe Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Huangyuan Su , Zhenyu Liao , Samuel Tenka , Zhizhen Qin , Udaya Ghai , Dawn Song , Soonho Kong

Fully automated verification of large-scale software and hardware systems is arguably the holy grail of formal methods. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated their potential for enhancing the degree of automation in formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhongyi Wang , Tengjie Lin , Mingshuai Chen , Mingqi Yang , Haokun Li , Xiao Yi , Shengchao Qin , Jianwei Yin

Formal software verification techniques are widely used to specify and prove the functional correctness of programs. However, nonfunctional properties such as time complexity are usually carried out with pen and paper. Inefficient code in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Shiri Morshtein , Ran Ettinger , Shmuel Tyszberowicz

Code completion entails the task of providing missing tokens given a surrounding context. It can boost developer productivity while providing a powerful code discovery tool. Following the Large Language Model (LLM) wave, code completion has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zoe Kotti , Konstantina Dritsa , Diomidis Spinellis , Panos Louridas

Formal verification (FV) has witnessed growing significance with current emerging program synthesis by the evolving large language models (LLMs). However, current formal verification mainly resorts to symbolic verifiers or hand-craft rules,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Xiaohan Lin , Qingxing Cao , Yinya Huang , Haiming Wang , Jianqiao Lu , Zhengying Liu , Linqi Song , Xiaodan Liang

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the initial step towards building a software system. The success or failure of a software project is firmly tied to this phase, based on communication among stakeholders using natural language. The problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stefan Wagner , Daniel Graziotin

In professional settings, translation is guided by communicative goals and client needs, often formalized as specifications. While existing evaluation frameworks acknowledge the importance of such specifications, these specifications are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yoko Kayano , Saku Sugawara

Generating low-level robot task plans from high-level natural language instructions remains a challenging problem. Although large language models have shown promising results in generating plans, the accuracy of the output remains…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have risen in prominence over the past few years, there has been concern over the potential biases in LLMs inherited from the training data. Previous studies have examined how LLMs exhibit implicit bias, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lake Yin , Fan Huang

It is a long-standing desire of industry and research to automate the software development and testing process as much as possible. In this process, requirements engineering (RE) plays a fundamental role for all other steps that build on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Viju Sudhi , Libin Kutty , Robin Gröpler

Fully automated verification of large-scale software and hardware systems is arguably the holy grail of formal methods. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated their potential for enhancing the degree of automation in formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhongyi Wang , Tengjie Lin , Mingshuai Chen , Haokun Li , Mingqi Yang , Xiao Yi , Shengchao Qin , Yixing Luo , Xiaofeng Li , Bin Gu , Liqiang Lu , Jianwei Yin

Proof-oriented programs mix computational content with proofs of program correctness. However, the human effort involved in programming and proving is still substantial, despite the use of Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Saikat Chakraborty , Gabriel Ebner , Siddharth Bhat , Sarah Fakhoury , Sakina Fatima , Shuvendu Lahiri , Nikhil Swamy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automated code generation but frequently produce code that fails formal verification, an essential requirement for hardware and safety-critical domains. To overcome…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Manvi Jha , Jiaxin Wan , Deming Chen

Understanding human intent is a complex, high-level task for large language models (LLMs), requiring analytical reasoning, contextual interpretation, dynamic information aggregation, and decision-making under uncertainty. Real-world public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiaozhe Li , TianYi Lyu , Siyi Yang , Yuxi Gong , Yizhao Yang , Jinxuan Huang , Ligao Zhang , Zhuoyi Huang , Qingwen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are leading significant progress in code generation. Beyond one-pass code generation, recent works further integrate unit tests and program verifiers into LLMs to iteratively refine the generated programs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Li Zhong , Zilong Wang , Jingbo Shang

Abstract interpreters are complex pieces of software: even if the abstract interpretation theory and companion algorithms are well understood, their implementations are subject to bugs, that might question the soundness of their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Lucas Franceschino , David Pichardie , Jean-Pierre Talpin

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to directly generate correct plans for complex multi-constraint planning problems, even with self-verification and self-critique. For example, a U.S. domestic travel planning benchmark TravelPlanner was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Yilun Hao , Yongchao Chen , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan