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Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables direct computation on encrypted data, making it a crucial technology for privacy protection. However, FHE suffers from significant performance bottlenecks. In this context, GPU acceleration offers…
Homomorphic encryption (HE) draws huge attention as it provides a way of privacy-preserving computations on encrypted messages. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), a specialized form of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in the finite field of…
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows anyone to perform computations on encrypted data, despite not having the secret decryption key. Since the Gentry's work in 2009, the primitive has interested many researchers. In this paper, we…
While homomorphic encryption (HE) has garnered significant research interest in cloud-based outsourced databases due to its algebraic properties over ciphertexts, the computational overhead associated with HE has hindered its widespread…
Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation over encrypted data, offering strong privacy guarantees for untrusted computing environments. Practical adoption remains limited by high computational complexity, large ciphertext sizes, and…
Designing privacy-preserving deep learning models is a major challenge within the deep learning community. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches in this realm, enabling the decoupling of knowledge…
A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is a deep-learning generative model in the field of Machine Learning (ML) that involves training two Neural Networks (NN) using a sizable data set. In certain fields, such as medicine, the training…
As users increasingly interact with large language models (LLMs) using private information, secure and encrypted communication becomes essential. Homomorphic encryption (HE) provides a principled solution by enabling computation directly on…
Computations can be directly carried out over ciphertexts using homomorphic encryption (HE), which is indispensable for privacy-preserving cloud computing. Linear transformation is widely used in neural networks, including large language…
Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly powers sensitive applications in domains such as healthcare and finance, relying on both linear operations (e.g., matrix multiplications in large language models) and non-linear operations (e.g.,…
Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) represents a paradigm shift in cryptography, enabling computation directly on encrypted data and unlocking privacy-critical computation. Despite being increasingly deployed in real platforms, the…
Homomorphic Encryption (HE), allowing computations on encrypted data (ciphertext) without decrypting it first, enables secure but prohibitively slow Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference for privacy-preserving applications in clouds.…
Homomorphic encryption (HE), which allows computations on encrypted data, is an enabling technology for confidential cloud computing. One notable example is privacy-preserving Prediction-as-a-Service (PaaS), where machine-learning…
Computation on ciphertexts of all known fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes induces some noise, which, if too large, will destroy the plaintext. Therefore, the bootstrapping technique that re-encrypts a ciphertext and reduces the…
Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a set of powerful properties of certain cryptosystems that allow for privacy-preserving operation over the encrypted text. Still, HE is not widespread due to limitations in terms of efficiency and usability.…
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and trusted execution environments (TEE) are two approaches to provide confidentiality during data processing. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. In certain scenarios, computations can be…
Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while keeping sensitive data on clients' devices, but local model updates can still leak private information. Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption (HHE) has recently been applied to FL to…
Sensitive applications running on the cloud often require data to be stored in an encrypted domain. To run data mining algorithms on such data, partially homomorphic encryption schemes (allowing certain operations in the ciphertext domain)…
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables a simple, attractive framework for secure search. Compared to other secure search systems, no costly setup procedure is necessary; it is sufficient for the client merely to upload the encrypted…
The mod function plays a critical role in numerous data encoding and cryptographic primitives. However, the widely used CKKS homomorphic encryption (HE) scheme supports only arithmetic operations, making it difficult to perform mod…