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Fact-based dialogue generation is a task of generating a human-like response based on both dialogue context and factual texts. Various methods were proposed to focus on generating informative words that contain facts effectively. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Ryota Tanaka , Akinobu Lee

Large language models (LLMs) encode knowledge with varying degrees of confidence. When responding to queries, models face an inherent trade-off: they can generate responses that are less informative but highly factual, or more informative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ziwei Gong , Yanda Chen , Julia Hirschberg , Chen Zhao , He He , Zhou Yu , Kathleen Mckeown

Assessing factuality of text generated by large language models (LLMs) is an emerging yet crucial research area, aimed at alerting users to potential errors and guiding the development of more reliable LLMs. Nonetheless, the evaluators…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Shiqi Chen , Yiran Zhao , Jinghan Zhang , I-Chun Chern , Siyang Gao , Pengfei Liu , Junxian He

Long-form generations from large language models (LLMs) contain a mix of factual and non-factual claims, making evaluating factuality difficult. Prior works evaluate the factuality of a long paragraph by decomposing it into multiple facts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

The fluency and creativity of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread use, sometimes even as a replacement for traditional search engines. Yet language models are prone to making convincing but factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Huaxiu Yao , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

Large language models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, producing natural language outputs that are not grounded in the input, reference materials, or real-world knowledge. In enterprise applications where AI features support business…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hagyeong Shin , Binoy Robin Dalal , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Navjot Matharu , Ryan Muir , Xingwei Yang , Samuel W. K. Wong

The need for interpretability in deep learning has driven interest in counterfactual explanations, which identify minimal changes to an instance that change a model's prediction. Current counterfactual (CF) generation methods require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Van Bach Nguyen , Christin Seifert , Jörg Schlötterer

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications requiring factual accuracy, yet their outputs often contain hallucinated responses. While fact-checking can mitigate these errors, existing methods typically retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Haoran Wang , Maryam Khalid , Qiong Wu , Jian Gao , Cheng Cao

Large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in various natural language processing tasks as a benefit of their capability to comprehend and reason with factual knowledge. However, a significant amount of factual knowledge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sirui Huang , Yanggan Gu , Xuming Hu , Zhonghao Li , Qing Li , Guandong Xu

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

This study aims to generate responses based on real-world facts by conditioning context and external facts extracted from information websites. Our system is an ensemble system that combines three modules: generated-based module,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Ryota Tanaka , Akihide Ozeki , Shugo Kato , Akinobu Lee

Before deploying a language model (LM) within a given domain, it is important to measure its tendency to generate factually incorrect information in that domain. Existing methods for factuality evaluation of LLM generation focus on facts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dor Muhlgay , Ori Ram , Inbal Magar , Yoav Levine , Nir Ratner , Yonatan Belinkov , Omri Abend , Kevin Leyton-Brown , Amnon Shashua , Yoav Shoham

The recent success of generative AI highlights the crucial role of high-quality human feedback in building trustworthy AI systems. However, the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) by crowdsourcing workers poses a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yichi Zhang , Jinlong Pang , Zhaowei Zhu , Yang Liu

Evaluating the factuality of long-form output generated by large language models (LLMs) remains challenging, particularly when responses are open-ended and contain many fine-grained factual statements. Existing evaluation methods primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Nazanin Jafari , James Allan , Mohit Iyyer

Large language models (LLMs) have raised hopes for automated end-to-end fact-checking, but prior studies report mixed results. As mainstream chatbots increasingly ship with reasoning capabilities and web search tools -- and millions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Matthew R. DeVerna , Kai-Cheng Yang , Harry Yaojun Yan , Filippo Menczer

The development of trustworthy conversational information-seeking systems relies on dialogue models that can generate faithful and accurate responses based on relevant knowledge texts. However, two main challenges hinder this task. Firstly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Wanyu Du , Yangfeng Ji

Generating high-quality stories spanning thousands of tokens requires competency across a variety of skills, from tracking plot and character arcs to keeping a consistent and engaging style. Due to the difficulty of sourcing labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alexander Gurung , Mirella Lapata

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as proxies for human participants in social science research presents a promising, yet methodologically risky, paradigm shift. While LLMs offer scalability and cost-efficiency, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Simon Münker , Nils Schwager , Kai Kugler , Michael Heseltine , Achim Rettinger

The dissemination of false information on online platforms presents a serious societal challenge. While manual fact-checking remains crucial, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities to support fact-checkers with their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

A common approach for testing fairness issues in text-based classifiers is through the use of counterfactuals: does the classifier output change if a sensitive attribute in the input is changed? Existing counterfactual generation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zee Fryer , Vera Axelrod , Ben Packer , Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen , Kellie Webster
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