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The Love numbers of a gravitating body are response coefficients encoding its tidal deformability. In compact binary systems, they appear in the gravitational waveform during the inspiral phase and will be measurable by upcoming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 María J. Rodríguez , Luca Santoni , Adam R. Solomon

We compute the tidal Love numbers and static response coefficients associated to several rotating black holes in higher dimensions, including Myers-Perry black holes, black rings, and black strings. These coefficients exhibit a rich and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-08 Maria J. Rodriguez , Luca Santoni , Adam R. Solomon , Luis Fernando Temoche

It is generally believed that tidal deformations of a black hole in an external field, as measured using its gravitational field multipoles, vanish. However, this does not mean that the black hole horizon is not deformed. Here we shall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-17 A. Ribes Metidieri , B. Bonga , B. Krishnan

In a previous paper, we developed tools for studying the horizon geometry of a Kerr black hole that is tidally distorted by a binary companion using techniques that require large mass ratios but can be applied to any bound orbit and allow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-07 Stephen O'Sullivan , Scott A. Hughes

We compute the tidal Love numbers for a particular axially symmetric configuration of extremal Reissner-Nordstrom geometry. By exactly solving the non-linear Einstein equations, we investigate the tidal response of extremal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-03 L. R. Gounis , A. Kehagias , G. Panagopoulos , A. Riotto

In General Relativity, the static tidal Love numbers of black holes vanish identically. Whether this remains true for time-dependent tidal fields -- i.e., in the case of dynamical tidal Love numbers -- is an open question, complicated by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-03 Sumanta Chakraborty , Valerio De Luca , Leonardo Gualtieri , Paolo Pani

The foundation for modeling the coupling of the internal structure of compact objects in binary systems to their dynamics and emitted gravitational waves is a systematic effective field theory (EFT) framework, where each compact object is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-04 Sumanta Chakraborty , M. V. S Saketh , Tanja Hinderer , Jan Steinhoff

The response of a black hole (BH) to tidal forces encodes key information about the underlying gravitational theory and affects the waveform of gravitational waves emitted during binary inspiral processes. In this paper, we analyze the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-08 Hajime Kobayashi , Shinji Mukohyama , Naritaka Oshita , Kazufumi Takahashi , Vicharit Yingcharoenrat

An important physical phenomenon that manifests itself during the inspiral of two orbiting compact objects is the tidal deformation of each under the gravitational influence of its companion. In the case of binary neutron star mergers, this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-22 Vaishak Prasad , Anshu Gupta , Sukanta Bose , Badri Krishnan

The tidal deformability of compact objects by a companion has a detectable imprint in the gravitational waves emitted by a binary system. This effect is governed by the so-called tidal Love numbers. For a particular theory of gravity, these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-25 Vitor Cardoso , Francisco Duque

We develop a framework to compute the tidal response of a Kerr-like compact object in terms of its reflectivity, compactness, and spin, both in the static and the frequency-dependent case. Here we focus on the low-frequency regime, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-17 Sumanta Chakraborty , Elisa Maggio , Michela Silvestrini , Paolo Pani

The deformability of a compact object induced by a perturbing tidal field is encoded in the tidal Love numbers, which depend sensibly on the object's internal structure. These numbers are known only for static, spherically-symmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Paolo Pani , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli , Valeria Ferrari

In this work, we investigate the tidal deformability of regular black holes (RBHs). Employing different phenomenological models, we analyze their response to both test fields and gravitational perturbations, interpreting the latter within…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-29 Chiara Coviello , Luis Lehner , Vania Vellucci

Tidal Love numbers (TLNs) characterize the response of compact objects to external tidal fields and vanish for classical Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in general relativity. Nonvanishing TLNs therefore provide a potential observational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 Rui Wang , Qi-Long Shi , Wei Xiong , Peng-Cheng Li

Tidal interactions play a crucial role in deciphering gravitational wave signals emitted by the coalescence of binary systems. They are usually quantified by a set of complex coefficients which include tidal Love numbers, describing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 Valerio De Luca , Alice Garoffolo , Justin Khoury , Mark Trodden

Ultralight bosonic fields can form condensates, or clouds, around spinning black holes. When this system is under the influence of a secondary massive body, its tidal response can be quantified in the tidal Love numbers (TLNs). Although…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-12 Ricardo Arana , Richard Brito , Gonçalo Castro

The coupling between the angular momentum of a compact object and an external tidal field gives rise to the "rotational" tidal Love numbers, which affect the tidal deformability of a spinning self-gravitating body and enter the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Gonçalo Castro , Leonardo Gualtieri , Paolo Pani

Dynamical Love numbers capture the conservative response of an object to a time-dependent external tidal gravitational field. We compute the dynamical Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes in general relativity within a point-particle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Oscar Combaluzier--Szteinsznaider , Daniel Glazer , Austin Joyce , Maria J. Rodriguez , Luca Santoni

We show that the static tidal Love number of Schwarzschild black holes in four dimensions and in the vacuum vanishes at any order in the external tidal force. We also identify the underlying non-linear symmetry which is responsible for this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-16 Alex Kehagias , Antonio Riotto

Black holes in General Relativity exhibit a remarkable feature: their response to static scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations -- as quantified by the so-called tidal Love numbers -- vanishes identically. We present the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-18 Sumanta Chakraborty , Pierre Heidmann , Paolo Pani