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Transformer-based language models (LMs) continue to advance state-of-the-art performance on NLP benchmark tasks, including tasks designed to mimic human-inspired "commonsense" competencies. To better understand the degree to which LMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Antonio Laverghetta , Animesh Nighojkar , Jamshidbek Mirzakhalov , John Licato

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are fundamentally next-token prediction systems, their practical applications extend far beyond this basic function. From natural language processing and text generation to conversational assistants and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Vishakha Agrawal , Archie Chaudhury , Shreya Agrawal

With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous benchmarks have been proposed to measure and compare the capabilities of different LLMs. However, evaluating LLMs is costly due to the large number of test instances and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xu-Xiang Zhong , Chao Yi , Han-Jia Ye

Effectively finetuning pretrained language models (PLMs) is critical for their success in downstream tasks. However, PLMs may have risks in overfitting the pretraining tasks and data, which usually have gap with the target downstream tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

The advance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is continuously reshaping the future 6G wireless communications. Particularly, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to effectively improve the performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tianyue Zheng , Linglong Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in solving complex tasks, making them a promising tool for enhancing tabular learning. However, existing LLM-based methods suffer from high resource requirements, suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Ruxue Shi , Hengrui Gu , Xu Shen , Xin Wang

When we read, we make predictions about upcoming words; these predictions influence our reading behavior. The success of large language models (LLMs), which, like humans, make predictions about upcoming words, has motivated their use as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Byung-Doh Oh , Tal Linzen

The evolving sophistication and intricacies of Large Language Models (LLMs) yield unprecedented advancements, yet they simultaneously demand considerable computational resources and incur significant costs. To alleviate these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Hongye Jin , Xiaotian Han , Jingfeng Yang , Zhimeng Jiang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Xia Hu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing owing to diverse training paradigms that empower LLMs to effectively capture intricate linguistic patterns and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lemei Zhang , Peng Liu , Yashar Deldjoo , Yong Zheng , Jon Atle Gulla

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

Effective collaboration begins with knowing when to ask for help. For example, when trying to identify an occluded object, a human would ask someone to remove the obstruction. Can MLLMs exhibit a similar "proactive" behavior by requesting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Thomas De Min , Subhankar Roy , Stéphane Lathuilière , Elisa Ricci , Massimiliano Mancini

English-centric large language models (LLMs) often show strong multilingual capabilities. However, their multilingual performance remains unclear and is under-evaluated for many other languages. Most benchmarks for multilinguality focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Amir Hossein Kargaran , Ali Modarressi , Nafiseh Nikeghbal , Jana Diesner , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze

Despite the recent successes of large, pretrained neural language models (LLMs), comparatively little is known about the representations of linguistic structure they learn during pretraining, which can lead to unexpected behaviors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Adam Davies , Jize Jiang , ChengXiang Zhai

Pre-trained large language models (PLMs) underlie most new developments in natural language processing. They have shifted the field from application-specific model pipelines to a single model that is adapted to a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Joshua Maynez , Priyanka Agrawal , Sebastian Gehrmann

Consistency, which refers to the capability of generating the same predictions for semantically similar contexts, is a highly desirable property for a sound language understanding model. Although recent pretrained language models (PLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Myeongjun Jang , Deuk Sin Kwon , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The reasoning large language model (RLLM) has been proven competitive in solving complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics, coding, compared to general LLM. However, the serving performance and behavior of RLLM remains unexplored, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Qi Li , Junpan Wu , Xiang Liu , Yuxin Wang , Zeyu Li , Zhenheng Tang , Yuhan Chen , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Agents capable of carrying out general tasks on a computer can improve efficiency and productivity by automating repetitive tasks and assisting in complex problem-solving. Ideally, such agents should be able to solve new computer tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Geunwoo Kim , Pierre Baldi , Stephen McAleer

The performance of large language models (LLMs) depends on how they are prompted, with choices spanning both the high-level prompting pattern (e.g., Zero-Shot, CoT, ReAct, ReWOO) and the specific prompt content (instructions and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Claudio Spiess , Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel

Accurate estimation of project costs and durations remains a pivotal challenge in software engineering, directly impacting budgeting and resource management. Traditional estimation techniques, although widely utilized, often fall short due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Justin Carpenter , Chia-Ying Wu , Nasir U. Eisty