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With the ever-growing size of pretrained models (PMs), fine-tuning them has become more expensive and resource-hungry. As a remedy, low-rank adapters (LoRA) keep the main pretrained weights of the model frozen and just introduce some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Mojtaba Valipour , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ivan Kobyzev , Ali Ghodsi

Low-rank adaptation~(LoRA) has recently gained much interest in fine-tuning foundation models. It effectively reduces the number of trainable parameters by incorporating low-rank matrices $A$ and $B$ to represent the weight change, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ziqi Gao , Qichao Wang , Aochuan Chen , Zijing Liu , Bingzhe Wu , Liang Chen , Jia Li

We introduce Vision as LoRA (VoRA), a novel paradigm for transforming an LLM into an MLLM. Unlike prevalent MLLM architectures that rely on external vision modules for vision encoding, VoRA internalizes visual capabilities by integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Han Wang , Yongjie Ye , Bingru Li , Yuxiang Nie , Jinghui Lu , Jingqun Tang , Yanjie Wang , Can Huang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in complex datasets. While recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Chunlin Tian , Xuyang Wei , Huanrong Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is extensively utilized in text-to-image models for the accurate rendition of specific elements like distinct characters or unique styles in generated images. Nonetheless, existing methods face challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Ming Zhong , Yelong Shen , Shuohang Wang , Yadong Lu , Yizhu Jiao , Siru Ouyang , Donghan Yu , Jiawei Han , Weizhu Chen

Parameter-Efficient FineTuning (PEFT) methods have recently gained significant popularity thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale pretrained models. These methods allow for quick adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Massimo Bini , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

Deep learning models, particularly those based on transformers, often employ numerous stacked structures, which possess identical architectures and perform similar functions. While effective, this stacking paradigm leads to a substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Jialin Li , Qiang Nie , Weifu Fu , Yuhuan Lin , Guangpin Tao , Yong Liu , Chengjie Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the prevailing approach for efficient large language model (LLM) fine-tuning. Building on this paradigm, recent studies have proposed alternative initialization strategies, architectural modifications, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yu-Ang Lee , Ching-Yun Ko , Pin-Yu Chen , Mi-Yen Yeh

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has achieved remarkable success in fine-tuning pre-trained vision transformers for various downstream tasks. Existing studies mainly focus on exploring more parameter-efficient strategies or more effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zheng Liu , Jinchao Zhu , Gao Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are expensive to deploy. Parameter sharing offers a possible path towards reducing their size and cost, but its effectiveness in modern LLMs remains fairly limited. In this work, we revisit "layer tying" as form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Sangmin Bae , Adam Fisch , Hrayr Harutyunyan , Ziwei Ji , Seungyeon Kim , Tal Schuster

Cross-model retrieval has emerged as one of the most important upgrades for text-only search engines (SE). Recently, with powerful representation for pairwise text-image inputs via early interaction, the accuracy of vision-language (VL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Lisai Zhang , Hongfa Wu , Qingcai Chen , Yimeng Deng , Zhonghua Li , Dejiang Kong , Zhao Cao , Joanna Siebert , Yunpeng Han

Low-rank Adaption (LoRA) has been the de-facto parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for large language models. We present HeteroLoRA, a light-weight search algorithm that leverages zero-cost proxies to allocate the limited LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zixi Zhang , Cheng Zhang , Xitong Gao , Robert D. Mullins , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used to efficiently adapt Transformers by adding trainable low-rank matrices to attention projections. While effective, these matrices are considered independent for each attention projection (Query,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Axel Marmoret , Reda Bensaid , Jonathan Lys , Vincent Gripon , François Leduc-Primeau

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

State-of-the-art neural language models (LMs) represented by Transformers are highly complex. Their use of fixed, deterministic parameter estimates fail to account for model uncertainty and lead to over-fitting and poor generalization when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Boyang Xue , Jianwei Yu , Junhao Xu , Shansong Liu , Shoukang Hu , Zi Ye , Mengzhe Geng , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) has become common practice, often yielding numerous copies of the same LLM differing only in their LoRA updates. This paradigm presents challenges for systems that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson , Jiacheng Zhu , Onkar Bhardwaj , Leshem Choshen , Kristjan Greenewald , Mikhail Yurochkin , Justin Solomon

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) models have revolutionized the personalization of pre-trained diffusion models by enabling fine-tuning through low-rank, factorized weight matrices specifically optimized for attention layers. These models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Mert Sonmezer , Matthew Zheng , Pinar Yanardag

Low-rank adapters (LoRA) and their variants are popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques that closely match full model fine-tune performance while requiring only a small number of additional parameters. These additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Runqian Wang , Soumya Ghosh , David Cox , Diego Antognini , Aude Oliva , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Motivated by the Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) in large language models, we propose LoRAT, a method that unveils the power of large ViT model for tracking within laboratory-level resources. The essence of our work lies in adapting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Liting Lin , Heng Fan , Zhipeng Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Yong Xu , Haibin Ling