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Nobody knows how language works, but many theories abound. Transformers are a class of neural networks that process language automatically with more success than alternatives, both those based on neural computations and those that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Felix Hill

Many NLP applications require models to be interpretable. However, many successful neural architectures, including transformers, still lack effective interpretation methods. A possible solution could rely on building explanations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Federico Ruggeri , Marco Lippi , Paolo Torroni

The Transformer architecture is superior to RNN-based models in computational efficiency. Recently, GPT and BERT demonstrate the efficacy of Transformer models on various NLP tasks using pre-trained language models on large-scale corpora.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Chenguang Wang , Mu Li , Alexander J. Smola

The transformer is a neural network component that can be used to learn useful representations of sequences or sets of data-points. The transformer has driven recent advances in natural language processing, computer vision, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Richard E. Turner

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to process graph-structured data is an active research area, yet current state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on multi-step pipelines with Graph Neural Network (GNN) encoders that compress rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Vajda

Vision language tasks, such as answering questions about or generating captions that describe an image, are difficult tasks for computers to perform. A relatively recent body of research has adapted the pretrained transformer architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Clayton Fields , Casey Kennington

The transformer architecture has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in modern artificial intelligence, among which the capability of implicitly learning an internal model during inference time is widely believed to play a key role in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhiheng Chen , Ruofan Wu , Guanhua Fang

Deep learning (DL) is characterised by its dynamic nature, with new deep neural network (DNN) architectures and approaches emerging every few years, driving the field's advancement. At the same time, the ever-increasing use of mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Ioannis Panopoulos , Sokratis Nikolaidis , Stylianos I. Venieris , Iakovos S. Venieris

Investigating the reasoning abilities of transformer models, and discovering new challenging tasks for them, has been a topic of much interest. Recent studies have found these models to be surprisingly strong at performing deductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Kyle Richardson , Ashish Sabharwal

Graph learning has attracted significant attention due to its widespread real-world applications. Current mainstream approaches rely on text node features and obtain initial node embeddings through shallow embedding learning using GNNs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Chuanqi Shi , Yiyi Tao , Hang Zhang , Lun Wang , Shaoshuai Du , Yixian Shen , Yanxin Shen

Transformer networks have revolutionized NLP representation learning since they were introduced. Though a great effort has been made to explain the representation in transformers, it is widely recognized that our understanding is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Zeyu Yun , Yubei Chen , Bruno A Olshausen , Yann LeCun

Transformers have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, but their monolithic architecture presents challenges in interpretability, adaptability, and scalability. This paper introduces a novel modular Transformer architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhenyu Guo , Wenguang Chen

The main alternatives nowadays to deal with sequences are Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architectures and the Transformer. In this context, RNN's, CNN's and Transformer have most commonly been used as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Elora Lacroux , Pere-Pau Vázquez

Time, cost, and energy efficiency are critical considerations in Deep-Learning (DL), particularly when processing long texts. Transformers, which represent the current state of the art, exhibit quadratic computational complexity relative to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Fardin Rastakhiz

In the realm of neural architecture design, achieving high performance is largely reliant on the manual expertise of researchers. Despite the emergence of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) as a promising technique for automating this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yannis Y. He

With the wide and deep adoption of deep learning models in real applications, there is an increasing need to model and learn the representations of the neural networks themselves. These models can be used to estimate attributes of different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yun Yi , Haokui Zhang , Wenze Hu , Nannan Wang , Xiaoyu Wang

As Transformers have become state-of-the-art models for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, the need to understand and explain their predictions is increasingly apparent. Especially in unsupervised applications, such as information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Alexandros Vasileiou , Oliver Eberle

Recursive processing is considered a hallmark of human linguistic abilities. A recent study evaluated recursive processing in recurrent neural language models (RNN-LMs) and showed that such models perform below chance level on embedded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Yair Lakretz , Théo Desbordes , Dieuwke Hupkes , Stanislas Dehaene

Transformer is a deep neural network that employs a self-attention mechanism to comprehend the contextual relationships within sequential data. Unlike conventional neural networks or updated versions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Saidul Islam , Hanae Elmekki , Ahmed Elsebai , Jamal Bentahar , Najat Drawel , Gaith Rjoub , Witold Pedrycz

Distributional semantics based on neural approaches is a cornerstone of Natural Language Processing, with surprising connections to human meaning representation as well. Recent Transformer-based Language Models have proven capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Daniel Loureiro , Alípio Mário Jorge , Jose Camacho-Collados