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Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Large language models~(LLMs) have greatly advanced the frontiers of artificial intelligence, attaining remarkable improvement in model capacity. To assess the model performance, a typical approach is to construct evaluation benchmarks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kun Zhou , Yutao Zhu , Zhipeng Chen , Wentong Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen , Jiawei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet they also exhibit memorization of their training data. This phenomenon raises critical questions about model behavior, privacy risks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Alexander Xiong , Xuandong Zhao , Aneesh Pappu , Dawn Song

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been accompanied by an effervescence of novel ideas and methods to better optimize the loss of deep learning models. Claims from those methods are myriad: from faster convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrei Semenov , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

LLM have achieved success in many fields but still troubled by problematic content in the training corpora. LLM unlearning aims at reducing their influence and avoid undesirable behaviours. However, existing unlearning methods remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Hongbang Yuan , Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) is reshaping the landscape of automatic assessment in education. While these systems demonstrate substantial advantages in adaptability to diverse question types and flexibility in output…

Deciding which large language model (LLM) to use is a complex challenge. Pairwise ranking has emerged as a new method for evaluating human preferences for LLMs. This approach entails humans evaluating pairs of model outputs based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Roland Daynauth , Christopher Clarke , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive, copyrighted, and harmful knowledge from the training corpus; therefore, it is crucial to erase this knowledge from the models. Machine unlearning is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhitao He , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Training large language models (LLMs) is a costly endeavour in terms of time and computational resources. The large amount of training data used during the unsupervised pre-training phase makes it difficult to verify all data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Anisa Halimi , Ambrish Rawat , Nathalie Baracaldo

Large language model (LLM) unlearning is critical in real-world applications where it is necessary to efficiently remove the influence of private, copyrighted, or harmful data from some users. Existing utility-centric unlearning metrics…

Machine unlearning is the problem of removing the effect of a subset of training data (the ''forget set'') from a trained model without damaging the model's utility e.g. to comply with users' requests to delete their data, or remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kairan Zhao , Meghdad Kurmanji , George-Octavian Bărbulescu , Eleni Triantafillou , Peter Triantafillou

Machine Unlearning (MUL) is crucial for privacy protection and content regulation, yet recent studies reveal that traces of forgotten information persist in unlearned models, enabling adversaries to resurface removed knowledge. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hao Xuan , Xingyu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Abhinav Joshi , Shaswati Saha , Divyaksh Shukla , Sriram Vema , Harsh Jhamtani , Manas Gaur , Ashutosh Modi

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, the need for robust and standardized evaluation benchmarks becomes paramount. Evaluating the performance of these models is a complex challenge that requires careful consideration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Marco AF Pimentel , Clément Christophe , Tathagata Raha , Prateek Munjal , Praveen K Kanithi , Shadab Khan

Large Language Models' knowledge of how to perform cyber-security attacks, create bioweapons, and manipulate humans poses risks of misuse. Previous work has proposed methods to unlearn this knowledge. Historically, it has been unclear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Aghyad Deeb , Fabien Roger

As models are getting larger and are trained on increasing amounts of data, there has been an explosion of interest into how we can ``delete'' specific data points or behaviours from a trained model, after the fact. This goal has been…

Large language models are finetuned to refuse questions about hazardous knowledge, but these protections can often be bypassed. Unlearning methods aim at completely removing hazardous capabilities from models and make them inaccessible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jakub Łucki , Boyi Wei , Yangsibo Huang , Peter Henderson , Florian Tramèr , Javier Rando

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini has shown their powerful natural language generation capabilities. However, these models can inadvertently learn and retain sensitive information and harmful content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) unlearning is crucial for removing hazardous or privacy-leaking information from the model. Practical LLM unlearning demands satisfying multiple challenging objectives simultaneously: removing undesirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yisheng Zhong , Sijia Liu , Zhuangdi Zhu

Machine Learning (ML) models have been shown to potentially leak sensitive information, thus raising privacy concerns in ML-driven applications. This inspired recent research on removing the influence of specific data samples from a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Youyang Qu , Xin Yuan , Ming Ding , Wei Ni , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , David Smith
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