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Normalizing flows are bijective mappings between inputs and latent representations with a fully factorized distribution. They are very attractive due to exact likelihood valuation and efficient sampling. However, their effective capacity is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Matej Grcić , Ivan Grubišić , Siniša Šegvić

Quantifying uncertainty in medical image segmentation applications is essential, as it is often connected to vital decision-making. Compelling attempts have been made in quantifying the uncertainty in image segmentation architectures, e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 M. M. A. Valiuddin , C. G. A. Viviers , R. J. G. van Sloun , P. H. N. de With , F. van der Sommen

Normalizing flows (NFs) have become a prominent method for deep generative models that allow for an analytic probability density estimation and efficient synthesis. However, a flow-based network is considered to be inefficient in parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Sang-gil Lee , Sungwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Graphical flows add further structure to normalizing flows by encoding non-trivial variable dependencies. Previous graphical flow models have focused primarily on a single flow direction: the normalizing direction for density estimation, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jacobie Mouton , Steve Kroon

Normalizing flows learn a diffeomorphic mapping between the target and base distribution, while the Jacobian determinant of that mapping forms another real-valued function. In this paper, we show that the Jacobian determinant mapping is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Huadong Liao , Jiawei He

Modeling real-world distributions can often be challenging due to sample data that are subjected to perturbations, e.g., instrumentation errors, or added random noise. Since flow models are typically nonlinear algorithms, they amplify these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sameera Ramasinghe , Kasun Fernando , Salman Khan , Nick Barnes

The Normalizing Flow (NF) models a general probability density by estimating an invertible transformation applied on samples drawn from a known distribution. We introduce a new type of NF, called Deep Diffeomorphic Normalizing Flow (DDNF).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-26 Hadi Salman , Payman Yadollahpour , Tom Fletcher , Kayhan Batmanghelich

The normalization constraint on probability density poses a significant challenge for solving the Fokker-Planck equation. Normalizing Flow, an invertible generative model leverages the change of variables formula to ensure probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Feng Liu , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang

We present a framework for learning probability distributions on topologically non-trivial manifolds, utilizing normalizing flows. Current methods focus on manifolds that are homeomorphic to Euclidean space, enforce strong structural priors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Dimitris Kalatzis , Johan Ziruo Ye , Alison Pouplin , Jesper Wohlert , Søren Hauberg

We investigate the use of normalizing flow (NF) models as flexible priors in Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling for iterative Bayesian calibration. Trained on posteriors from previous analyses, these models can…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-02 Hendrik Roch , Chun Shen

Normalizing flows have emerged as an important family of deep neural networks for modelling complex probability distributions. In this note, we revisit their coupling and autoregressive transformation layers as probabilistic graphical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

Normalizing flows are invertible neural networks with tractable change-of-volume terms, which allow optimization of their parameters to be efficiently performed via maximum likelihood. However, data of interest are typically assumed to live…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Anthony L. Caterini , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Geoff Pleiss , John P. Cunningham

By chaining a sequence of differentiable invertible transformations, normalizing flows (NF) provide an expressive method of posterior approximation, exact density evaluation, and sampling. The trend in normalizing flow literature has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Robert Giaquinto , Arindam Banerjee

In this paper we propose Discretely Indexed flows (DIF) as a new tool for solving variational estimation problems. Roughly speaking, DIF are built as an extension of Normalizing Flows (NF), in which the deterministic transport becomes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-05 Elouan Argouarc'h , François Desbouvries , Eric Barat , Eiji Kawasaki , Thomas Dautremer

A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping between an arbitrary probability distribution and a standard normal distribution; it can be used for density estimation and statistical inference. Computing the flow follows the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Derek Onken , Samy Wu Fung , Xingjian Li , Lars Ruthotto

We introduce in this work the normalizing field flows (NFF) for learning random fields from scattered measurements. More precisely, we construct a bijective transformation (a normalizing flow characterizing by neural networks) between a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Ling Guo , Hao Wu , Tao Zhou

Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs) are a class of generative models that transform a prior distribution to a model distribution by solving an ordinary differential equation (ODE). We propose to train CNFs on manifolds by minimizing…

We consider the problem of density estimation on Riemannian manifolds. Density estimation on manifolds has many applications in fluid-mechanics, optics and plasma physics and it appears often when dealing with angular variables (such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-10 Mevlana C. Gemici , Danilo Rezende , Shakir Mohamed

Normalizing flows are a powerful class of generative models demonstrating strong performance in several speech and vision problems. In contrast to other generative models, normalizing flows are latent variable models with tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Dmitry Baranchuk , Vladimir Aliev , Artem Babenko

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a classical family of likelihood-based methods that have received revived attention. Recent efforts such as TARFlow have shown that NFs are capable of achieving promising performance on image modeling tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Tianrong Chen , Jiatao Gu , David Berthelot , Joshua Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai