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Reinforcement learning-based (RL-based) energy management strategy (EMS) is considered a promising solution for the energy management of electric vehicles with multiple power sources. It has been shown to outperform conventional methods in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jincheng Hu , Yang Lin , Jihao Li , Zhuoran Hou , Dezong Zhao , Quan Zhou , Jingjing Jiang , Yuanjian Zhang

In recent years, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous potential in diverse areas. Among them, reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be an effective solution for learning intelligent control strategies. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xinyang Wu , Elisabeth Wedernikow , Christof Nitsche , Marco F. Huber

Real-time applications of energy management strategies (EMSs) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are the harshest requirements for researchers and engineers. Inspired by the excellent problem-solving capabilities of deep reinforcement…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-14 Hao Chen , Gang Guo , Bangbei Tang , Guo Hu , Xiaolin Tang , Teng Liu

Energy management strategy (EMS) is a key technology for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The energy management of certain series-parallel PHEVs involves the control of continuous variables, such as engine torque, and discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Changfu Gong , Jinming Xu , Yuan Lin

The growing adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) presents a transformative opportunity for revolutionizing transportation energy systems. The shift towards electrifying transportation aims to curb environmental concerns related to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Min Hua , Bin Shuai , Quan Zhou , Jinhai Wang , Yinglong He , Hongming Xu

This article proposes a transfer reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive energy managing approach for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with parallel topology. This approach is bi-level. The up-level characterizes how to transform the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Teng Liu , Wenhao Tan , Xiaolin Tang , Jiaxin Chen , Dongpu Cao

This paper presents a data-driven supervisory energy management strategy (EMS) for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles which leverages Vehicle-to-Cloud connectivity to increase energy efficiency by learning control policies from completed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Yongkeun Choi , Jacopo Guanetti , Scott Moura , Francesco Borrelli

Development of hybrid electric vehicles depends on an advanced and efficient energy management strategy (EMS). With online and real-time requirements in mind, this article presents a human-like energy management framework for hybrid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Hao Chen , Xiaolin Tang , Guo Hu , Teng Liu

The high emission and low energy efficiency caused by internal combustion engines (ICE) have become unacceptable under environmental regulations and the energy crisis. As a promising alternative solution, multi-power source electric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jincheng Hu , Yang Lin , Liang Chu , Zhuoran Hou , Jihan Li , Jingjing Jiang , Yuanjian Zhang

This paper presents an online-capable controller for the energy management system of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle based on model predictive control. Its task is to minimize the vehicle's fuel consumption along a predicted driving…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-04 David Theodor Machacek , Stijn van Dooren , Thomas Huber , Christopher Onder

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are increasingly being seen as a means of mitigating the pressing concerns of traffic-related pollution. While hybrid vehicles are usually designed with the objective of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Yingqi Gu , Mingming Liu , Joe Naoum-Sawaya , Emanuele Crisostomi , Giovanni Russo , Robert Shorten

This paper proposes an adaptive energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles by combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and transfer learning (TL). This work aims to address the defect of DRL in tedious training time. First,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-20 Xiaowei Guo , Teng Liu , Bangbei Tang , Xiaolin Tang , Jinwei Zhang , Wenhao Tan , Shufeng Jin

Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles have the potential to reduce fuel consumption and travel time in real-world driving conditions. The eco-driving problem seeks to design optimal speed and power usage profiles based upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhaoxuan Zhu , Nicola Pivaro , Shobhit Gupta , Abhishek Gupta , Marcello Canova

The multi-source electromechanical coupling makes the energy management of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) relatively nonlinear and complex especially in the types of 4-wheel-drive (4WD) FCEVs. Accurate state observing for complicated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Shibo Li , Zhuoran Hou , Liang Chu , Jingjing Jiang , Yuanjian Zhang

The ongoing energy transition drives the development of decentralised renewable energy sources, which are heterogeneous and weather-dependent, complicating their integration into energy systems. This study tackles this issue by introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Marine Cauz , Adrien Bolland , Nicolas Wyrsch , Christophe Ballif

Increasing the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) through optimization-based energy management strategies (EMS) has been an active research area in transportation. However, it is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Pengyue Wang , Yan Li , Shashi Shekhar , William F. Northrop

Energy management strategies (EMSs) are the most significant components in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) because they decide the potential of energy conservation and emission reduction. This work presents a transferred EMS for a parallel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-17 Teng Liu , Xiaolin Tang , Jiaxin Chen , Hong Wang , Wenhao Tan , Yalian Yang

Energy management of plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) has different challenges from non-plug-in HEVs, due to bigger batteries and grid recharging. Instead of tackling it to pursue energetic efficiency, an approach minimizing the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Simone Formentin , Jacopo Guanetti , Sergio M. Savaresi

Driven by growing concerns over air quality and energy security, electric vehicles (EVs) has experienced rapid development and are reshaping global transportation systems and lifestyle patterns. Compared to traditional gasoline-powered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Hai Wang , Baoshen Guo , Xiaolei Zhou , Shuai Wang , Zhiqing Hong , Tian He

Effective co-optimization of energy management strategy (EMS) and thermal management (TM) is crucial for optimizing fuel efficiency in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Driving conditions significantly influence the performance of both EMS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Hanghang Cui , Arash Khalatbarisoltani , Jie Han , Wenxue Liu , Muhammad Saeed , Xiaosong Hu
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