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Predicting the binding structure of a small molecule ligand to a protein -- a task known as molecular docking -- is critical to drug design. Recent deep learning methods that treat docking as a regression problem have decreased runtime…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-14 Gabriele Corso , Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Protein-ligand binding is the process by which a small molecule (drug or inhibitor) attaches to a target protein. Binding affinity, which characterizes the strength of biomolecular interactions, is essential for tackling diverse challenges…

Accurate prediction of drug-target binding affinity can accelerate drug discovery by prioritizing promising compounds before costly wet-lab screening. While deep learning has advanced this task, most models fuse ligand and protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Mohammadsaleh Refahi , Bahrad A. Sokhansanj , James R. Brown , Gail Rosen

Targeting RNA with small molecules offers significant therapeutic potential. Machine learning could substantially accelerate preclinical drug discovery, from hit identification to lead optimization. Yet a fundamental limitation emerges:…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-18 Wissam Karroucha , Carlos Oliver , Veronique Stoven , Vincent Mallet

The field of machine learning for drug discovery is witnessing an explosion of novel methods. These methods are often benchmarked on simple physicochemical properties such as solubility or general druglikeness, which can be readily…

Structure-based drug design has been accelerated by pocket-aware 3D generative models, yet most methods primarily fit the training distribution and may fall short of satisfying multiple properties required in real-world therapeutic drug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuan Xue , Daniel Kudenko , Megha Khosla

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

Virtual cell (VC) models aim to predict cellular responses to any perturbations in silico and have emerged as a promising approach for drug discovery and precision medicine. Yet, a clear gap still remains: while models routinely reported…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-01 Xinjie Mao , Songming Zhang , Qianhong Wen , Xiangyu Wen , Kedu Jin , Hao Wu , Shuizhou Chen , Yuqiang Li , Lei Bai , Qi Liu , Ning Ding , Siqi Sun , Zhangyang Gao

Sampling physically valid ligand-binding poses remains a major challenge in molecular docking, particularly for unseen or structurally diverse targets. We introduce PocketVina, a fast and memory-efficient, search-based docking framework…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Ahmet Sarigun , Bora Uyar , Vedran Franke , Altuna Akalin

In recent years, machine learning has been proposed as a promising strategy to build accurate scoring functions for computational docking finalized to numerically empowered drug discovery. However, the latest studies have suggested that…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-17 F. Pellicani , D. Dal Ben , A. Perali , S. Pilati

In recent years there have been a lot of interest to test for similarity between biological drug products, commonly known as biologics. Biologics are large and complex molecule drugs that are produced by living cells and hence these are…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-21 Lin Dong , Sujit K. Ghosh

We study a fundamental problem in structure-based drug design -- generating molecules that bind to specific protein binding sites. While we have witnessed the great success of deep generative models in drug design, the existing methods are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Jianzhu Ma , Jian Peng

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding structures, a task known as molecular docking is crucial for drug design but remains challenging. While deep learning has shown promise, existing methods often depend on holo-protein structures…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-22 Yufei Huang , Odin Zhang , Lirong Wu , Cheng Tan , Haitao Lin , Zhangyang Gao , Siyuan Li , Stan. Z. Li

Predicting protein-ligand binding affinity is an essential part of computer-aided drug design. However, generalisable and performant global binding affinity models remain elusive, particularly in low data regimes. Despite the evolution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Julia Buhmann , Ward Haddadin , Lukáš Pravda , Alan Bilsland , Hagen Triendl

Structure-based virtual screening aims to identify high-affinity ligands by estimating binding free energies between proteins and small molecules. However, the conformational flexibility of both proteins and ligands challenges conventional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-15 Pei-Kun Yang

3D generative models have shown significant promise in structure-based drug design (SBDD), particularly in discovering ligands tailored to specific target binding sites. Existing algorithms often focus primarily on ligand-target binding,…

Machine learning methods may have the potential to significantly accelerate drug discovery. However, the increasing rate of new methodological approaches being published in the literature raises the fundamental question of how models should…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Matthew C. Robinson , Robert C. Glen , Alpha A. Lee

Antivirals are uniquely positioned to be deployed quickly during a new outbreak, especially when repurposed from approved drugs. Yet there are no FDA-approved antivirals for the majority of viral families with pandemic potential. Here we…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-07 Daniel C. Elton , Preston W. Estep

The scarcity of experimental protein-ligand complexes poses a significant challenge for training robust deep learning models for molecular docking. Given the prohibitive cost and time constraints associated with experimental structure…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-17 Sofiene Khiari , Matthew R. Masters , Amr H. Mahmoud , Markus A. Lill

The efficient exploration of chemical space to design molecules with intended properties enables the accelerated discovery of drugs, materials, and catalysts, and is one of the most important outstanding challenges in chemistry. Encouraged…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-12 AkshatKumar Nigam , Robert Pollice , Gary Tom , Kjell Jorner , John Willes , Luca A. Thiede , Anshul Kundaje , Alan Aspuru-Guzik