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Item difficulty plays a crucial role in test performance, interpretability of scores, and equity for all test-takers, especially in large-scale assessments. Traditional approaches to item difficulty modeling rely on field testing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sydney Peters , Nan Zhang , Hong Jiao , Ming Li , Tianyi Zhou , Robert Lissitz

In the deep-learning community new algorithms are published at an incredible pace. Therefore, solving an image classification problem for new datasets becomes a challenging task, as it requires to re-evaluate published algorithms and their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Florian Scheidegger , Roxana Istrate , Giovanni Mariani , Luca Benini , Costas Bekas , Cristiano Malossi

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models are widely used across industrial design, simulation, and manufacturing processes. Text-to-CAD systems aim to generate editable, general-purpose CAD models from textual descriptions, significantly reducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zheyuan Zhou , Jiayi Han , Liang Du , Naiyu Fang , Lemiao Qiu , Shuyou Zhang

Pre-training a language model and then fine-tuning it has shown to be an efficient and effective technique for a wide range of code intelligence tasks, such as code generation, code summarization, and vulnerability detection. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhangqian Bi , Yao Wan , Zhaoyang Chu , Yufei Hu , Junyi Zhang , Hongyu Zhang , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

Automated assessment has been shown to greatly simplify the process of assessing students' programs. However, manual assessment still offers benefits to both students and tutors. We introduce Gradeer, a hybrid assessment tool, which allows…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Benjamin Clegg , Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol , Phil McMinn , Gordon Fraser

Efficient numerical solvers for partial differential equations empower science and engineering. One of the commonly employed numerical solvers is the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm which can solve large systems to a given…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Yichen Li , Peter Yichen Chen , Tao Du , Wojciech Matusik

Language models (LMs) built upon deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated breakthrough effectiveness in software engineering tasks such as code generation, completion, and repair. This has paved the way for the emergence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Jingzhi Gong , Vardan Voskanyan , Paul Brookes , Fan Wu , Wei Jie , Jie Xu , Rafail Giavrimis , Mike Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Zheng Wang

Machine unlearning is becoming essential for building trustworthy and compliant language models. Yet unlearning success varies considerably across individual samples: some are reliably erased, while others persist despite the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jiali Cheng , Ziheng Chen , Chirag Agarwal , Hadi Amiri

With the developments in machine learning, there has been a surge in interest and results focused on algorithms utilizing predictions, not least in online algorithms where most new results incorporate the prediction aspect for concrete…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Magnus Berg , Joan Boyar , Lene M. Favrholdt , Kim S. Larsen

In this paper, we propose a combined approach with second-order optimality conditions of the lower level problem to study constraint qualifications and optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems. The new method is inspired by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-08 Xiaoxiao Ma , Wei Yao , Jane J. Ye , Jin Zhang

Novice programmers often struggle with problem solving due to the high cognitive loads they face. Furthermore, many introductory programming courses do not explicitly teach it, assuming that problem solving skills are acquired along the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Oka Kurniawan , Cyrille Jégourel , Norman Tiong Seng Lee , Matthieu De Mari , Christopher M. Poskitt

Recent years have seen the successful application of deep learning to software engineering (SE). In particular, the development and use of pre-trained models of source code has enabled state-of-the-art results to be achieved on a wide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Competitive programming benchmarks are widely used in scenarios such as programming contests and large language model assessments. However, the growing presence of duplicate or highly similar problems raises concerns not only about…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Han Deng , Yuan Meng , Shixiang Tang , Wanli Ouyang , Xinzhu Ma

We present a new method for inferring complexity properties for a class of programs in the form of flowcharts annotated with loop information. Specifically, our method can (soundly and completely) decide if computed values are polynomially…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Amir M. Ben-Amram , Aviad Pineles

With the great success of pre-trained models, the pretrain-then-finetune paradigm has been widely adopted on downstream tasks for source code understanding. However, compared to costly training a large-scale model from scratch, how to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Deze Wang , Zhouyang Jia , Shanshan Li , Yue Yu , Yun Xiong , Wei Dong , Xiangke Liao

Generating high-quality code that solves complex programming tasks is challenging, especially with current decoder-based models that produce highly stochastic outputs. In code generation, even minor errors can easily break the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nikita Sorokin , Ivan Sedykh , Valentin Malykh

We present two comprehensive benchmarks to evaluate the performance of language models in coding assistance tasks, covering code writing, debugging, code review, and conceptual understanding. Our main contribution includes two curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Nidhish Shah , Zulkuf Genc , Dogu Araci

We introduce KodCode, a synthetic dataset that addresses the persistent challenge of acquiring high-quality, verifiable training data across diverse difficulties and domains for training Large Language Models for coding. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhangchen Xu , Yang Liu , Yueqin Yin , Mingyuan Zhou , Radha Poovendran

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-11-19 Rishabh Singh , Sumit Gulwani , Armando Solar-Lezama

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model-based approaches have been proposed and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yonghui Liu , Li Li