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Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is crucial for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks. In this work, we demonstrate that the order of training data can lead to significant training imbalances, potentially resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiming Ju , Ziyi Ni , Xingrun Xing , Zhixiong Zeng , hanyu Zhao , Siqi Fan , Zheng Zhang

Binarization, which converts weight parameters to binary values, has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce the size of large language models (LLMs). However, typical binarization techniques significantly diminish linguistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dongwon Jo , Taesu Kim , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Large language model (LLM) agents rely on reusable skills to solve complex tasks. However, existing skill creation approaches treat skills as isolated and static artifacts, limiting their reusability, reliability, and long-term improvement.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Huawei Lin , Peng Li , Jie Song , Fuxin Jiang , Tieying Zhang

The deployment of mixture-of-experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their high memory demands. These challenges become even more pronounced in multi-tenant environments, where shared resources must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 HamidReza Imani , Jiaxin Peng , Peiman Mohseni , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

Instruction finetuning on a variety of image-text instruction data is the key to obtaining a versatile Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), and different configurations of the instruction data can lead to finetuned models with different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, achieving strong performance in specialized domains like mathematical reasoning and non-English languages often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huy Hoang Ha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks. Typically, LLMs are first pre-trained on large corpora and subsequently fine-tuned on task-specific datasets. However, during fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yupeng Chen , Senmiao Wang , Yushun Zhang , Zhihang Lin , Haozhe Zhang , Weijian Sun , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Despite their success in many natural language tasks, solving math problems remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). A large gap exists between LLMs' pass-at-one and pass-at-N performance in solving math problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Avi Singh , C. Daniel Freeman , John D. Co-Reyes , Peter J. Liu

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have enabled the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) by achieving massive parameter counts while maintaining computational efficiency. However, MoEs introduce several…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the key to scaling modern LLMs, yet little is understood about how their sparse routing dynamics respond to multilingual data. In this work, we analyze expert routing patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Chenyuan Yang , Mohsen Fayyaz , Junlin Hu , Nanyun Peng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on multi-task instruction-following data has been proven to be a powerful learning paradigm for improving their zero-shot capabilities on new tasks. Recent works about high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Soujanya Poria

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, training MoE from scratch in a large-scale setting still suffers from data-hungry and instability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Daize Dong , Jiacheng Ruan , Jingqi Tong , Conghui He , Yu Cheng

Building helpful and harmless large language models (LLMs) requires effective model alignment approach based on human instructions and feedback, which necessitates high-quality human-labeled data. Constructing such datasets is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Junlin Wang , Roy Xie , Shang Zhu , Jue Wang , Ben Athiwaratkun , Bhuwan Dhingra , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Ce Zhang , James Zou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are widely used to scale language models, yet their expert routing behavior and adaptation in a multilingual setting remain underexplored. In this work, we study multilingual routing dynamics during continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Aditi Khandelwal , Marius Mosbach , Verna Dankers , Siva Reddy , Golnoosh Farnadi

Existing large language models (LLMs) for machine translation are typically fine-tuned on sentence-level translation instructions and achieve satisfactory performance at the sentence level. However, when applied to document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yachao Li , Junhui Li , Jing Jiang , Min Zhang

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) paved the way for their emerging applications in various domains, such as human behavior simulations, where LLMs could augment human-generated data in social science research and machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ngoc Bui , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Shantanu Kumar , Julian Theodore , Weikang Qiu , Viet Anh Nguyen , Rex Ying