English
Related papers

Related papers: TikTag: Breaking ARM's Memory Tagging Extension wi…

200 papers

Recent advancement in large-scale Artificial Intelligence (AI) models offering multimodal services have become foundational in AI systems, making them prime targets for model theft. Existing methods select Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jianbo Gao , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Modern operating systems (OSes) have unfettered access to application data, assuming that applications trust them. This assumption, however, is problematic under many scenarios where either the OS provider is not trustworthy or the OS can…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Caihua Li , Seung-seob Lee , Min Hong Yun , Lin Zhong

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) serves as a hardware-based root of trust that protects cryptographic keys from privileged system and physical adversaries. In this work, we perform a black-box timing analysis of TPM 2.0 devices deployed on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Daniel Moghimi , Berk Sunar , Thomas Eisenbarth , Nadia Heninger

Preventing abuse of web services by bots is an increasingly important problem, as abusive activities grow in both volume and variety. CAPTCHAs are the most common way for thwarting bot activities. However, they are often ineffective against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Ercan Ozturk , Andrew Paverd , Gene Tsudik

Due to the proliferation of malware, defenders are increasingly turning to automation and machine learning as part of the malware detection tool-chain. However, machine learning models are susceptible to adversarial attacks, requiring the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Maria Rigaki , Sebastian Garcia

Caches are used to reduce the speed differential between the CPU and memory to improve the performance of modern processors. However, attackers can use contention-based cache timing attacks to steal sensitive information from victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Quancheng Wang , Xige Zhang , Han Wang , Yuzhe Gu , Ming Tang

Memory safety remains a critical and widely violated property in reality. Numerous defense techniques have been proposed and developed but most of them are not applied or enabled by default in production-ready environment due to their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Wei Song , Jiameng Ying , Sihao Shen , Boya Li , Hao Ma , Peng Liu

In recent years we have seen an explosion in the usage of low-cost, low-power microcontrollers (MCUs) in embedded devices around us due to the popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Although this is good from an economics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Haoqi Shan , Dean Sullivan , Orlando Arias

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly powerful, they pose growing risks to international security, creating urgent coordination challenges that current governance approaches struggle to address without compromising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 James Petrie , Onni Aarne , Nora Ammann , David Dalrymple

Transient Execution Attacks (TEAs) have gradually become a major security threat to modern high-performance processors. They exploit the vulnerability of speculative execution to illegally access private data, and transmit them through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Bowen Tang , Chenggang Wu , Pen-Chung Yew , Yinqian Zhang , Mengyao Xie , Yuanming Lai , Yan Kang , Wei Wang , Qiang Wei , Zhe Wang

New computing paradigms, modern feature-rich programming languages and off-the-shelf software libraries enabled the development of new sophisticated malware families. Evidence of this phenomena is the recent growth of fileless malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Sherif Saad , Farhan Mahmood , William Briguglio , Haytham Elmiligi

SRAM-based cache memory faces several scalability limitations in deep nanoscale technologies, e.g., high leakage current, low cell stability, and low density. Emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies have received lots of attention…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Elham Cheshmikhani , Fateme Shokouhinia , Hamed Farbeh

Transient execution side-channel attacks, such as Spectre, have been shown to break almost all isolation primitives. We introduce a new security property we call relaxed microarchitectural isolation (RMI) that allows sensitive programs that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jules Drean , Miguel Gomez-Garcia , Fisher Jepsen , Thomas Bourgeat , Srinivas Devadas

Recent years have brought microarchitectural security intothe spotlight, proving that modern CPUs are vulnerable toseveral classes of microarchitectural attacks. These attacksbypass the basic isolation primitives provided by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Saidgani Musaev , Christof Fetzer

We propose an axiomatic generic framework for modelling weak memory. We show how to instantiate this framework for SC, TSO, C++ restricted to release-acquire atomics, and Power. For Power, we compare our model to a preceding operational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Jade Alglave , Luc Maranget , Michael Tautschnig

Recent advancements in speculative decoding have demonstrated considerable speedup across a wide array of large language model (LLM) tasks. Speculative decoding inherently relies on sacrificing extra memory allocations to generate several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Selin Yildirim , Deming Chen

Modern out-of-order processors face speculative execution attacks. Despite various proposed software and hardware mitigations to prevent such attacks, new attacks keep arising from unknown vulnerabilities. Thus, a formal and rigorous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Qinhan Tan , Yuheng Yang , Thomas Bourgeat , Sharad Malik , Mengjia Yan

Caches are widely used to improve performance in modern processors. By carefully evicting cache lines and identifying cache hit/miss time, contention-based cache timing channel attacks can be orchestrated to leak information from the victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Tuo Li , Sri Parameswaran

Timing and cache side channels provide powerful attacks against many sensitive operations including cryptographic implementations. Existing defenses cannot protect against all classes of such attacks without incurring prohibitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Benjamin A. Braun , Suman Jana , Dan Boneh

Security is one of the main challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are mainly powered by low-cost microcontrollers (MCUs) that typically lack basic hardware security mechanisms to separate security-critical applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Daniel Oliveira , Tiago Gomes , Sandro Pinto