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We present a fragmentation module and a composition tracking code for the $n$-body code REBOUND. Our fragmentation code utilises previous semi-analytic models and follows an implementation method similar to fragmentation for the $n$-body…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Anna C. Childs , Jason H. Steffen

The final stage of planet formation is dominated by collisions between planetary embryos. The dynamics of this stage determine the orbital configuration and the mass and composition of planets in the system. In the solar system, late giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Robert A. Marcus , Sarah T. Stewart , Dimitar Sasselov , Lars Hernquist

Numerical simulations of the stochastic end stage of planet formation typically begin with a population of embryos and planetesimals that grow into planets by merging. We analyzed the impact parameters of collisions leading to the growth of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-04 S. T. Stewart , Z. M. Leinhardt

Pairwise collisions between terrestrial embryos are the dominant means of accretion during the last stage of planet formation. Hence, their realistic treatment in N-body studies is critical to accurately model the formation of terrestrial…

The chemical compositions of Earth's core and mantle provide insight into the processes that led to their formation. N-body simulations, on the other hand, generally do not contain chemical information, and seek to only reproduce the masses…

We introduce a new particle-based hybrid code for planetary accretion. The code uses an $N$-body routine for interactions with planetary embryos while it can handle a large number of planetesimals using a super-particle approximation, in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-01 Ryuji Morishima

In the late stages of terrestrial planet formation, pairwise collisions between planetary-sized bodies act as the fundamental agent of planet growth. These collisions can lead to either growth or disruption of the bodies involved and are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-03 Miles Timpe , Maria Han Veiga , Mischa Knabenhans , Joachim Stadel , Stefano Marelli

In the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, planets are predicted to undergo pairwise collisions known as giant impacts. Here we present a high-resolution database of giant impacts for differentiated colliding bodies of iron-silicate…

Debris discs are traditionally studied using two distinct types of numerical models: statistical particle-in-a-box codes to study their collisional and size distribution evolution, and dynamical N-body models to study their spatial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Philippe Thebault

The last phase of the formation of rocky planets is dominated by collisions among Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Simulations of this phase need to handle the difficulty of including the post-impact material without saturating the…

Several lines of evidence indicate a non-chondritic composition for Bulk Earth. If Earth formed from the accretion of chondritic material, its non-chondritic composition, in particular the super-chondritic 142Nd/144Nd and low Mg/Fe ratios,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Amy Bonsor , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Philip J. Carter , Tim Elliott , Michael J. Walter , Sarah T. Stewart

The Earth appears non-chondritic in its abundances of refractory lithophile elements, posing a significant problem for our understanding of its formation and evolution. It has been suggested that this non-chondritic composition may be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-04 Philip J. Carter , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Tim Elliott , Michael J. Walter , Sarah T. Stewart

Collisions are the core agent of planet formation. In this work, we derive an analytic description of the dynamical outcome for any collision between gravity-dominated bodies. We conduct high-resolution simulations of collisions between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Zoë M. Leinhardt , Sarah T. Stewart

Recent observations of rocky super-Earths have revealed an apparent wider distribution of Fe/Mg ratios, or core to mantle ratios, than the planets in our Solar System. This study aims to understand how much of the chemical diversity in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Jennifer Scora , Diana Valencia , Alessandro Morbidelli , Seth A. Jacobson

Terrestrial planet formation theory is at a bottleneck, with the growing realization that pairwise collisions are treated far too simply. Here, and in our companion paper (Cambioni et al. 2019) that introduces the training methodology, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Saverio Cambioni , Erik Asphaug , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Roberto Furfaro

In order to test planetary accretion and differentiation scenarios, we integrated a multistage core-mantle differentiation model with N-body accretion simulations. Impacts between embryos and planetesimals result in magma ocean formation…

During the final stage of planetary formation, different formation pathways of planetary embryos could significantly influence the observed variations in planetary densities. Of the approximately 5,000 exoplanets identified to date, a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-07 Jingyao Dou , Philip J. Carter , Zoë M. Leinhardt

We investigate the outcome of collisions of Ceres-sized planetesimals composed of a rocky core and a shell of water ice. These collisions are not only relevant for explaining the formation of planetary embryos in early planetary systems,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Thomas I. Maindl , Rudolf Dvorak , Christoph Schäfer , Roland Speith

Studies of high-multiplicity, tightly-packed planetary systems suggest that dynamical instabilities are common and affect both the orbits and planet structures, where the compact orbits and typically low densities make physical collisions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Jason Hwang , Sourav Chatterjee , James Lombardi , Jason Steffen , Frederic Rasio

Metals observed in the atmospheres of white dwarfs suggest that many have recently accreted planetary bodies. In some cases, the compositions observed suggest the accretion of material dominantly from the core (or the mantle) of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-22 Amy Bonsor , Philip J. Carter , Mark Hollands , Boris T. Gaensicke , Zoe Leinhardt , John H. D. Harrison
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