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We present GFlowState, a visual analytics system designed to illuminate the training process of Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets or GFNs). GFlowNets are a probabilistic framework for generating samples proportionally to a reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Florian Holeczek , Andreas Hinterreiter , Alex Hernandez-Garcia , Marc Streit , Christina Humer

This paper is about the problem of learning a stochastic policy for generating an object (like a molecular graph) from a sequence of actions, such that the probability of generating an object is proportional to a given positive reward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Emmanuel Bengio , Moksh Jain , Maksym Korablyov , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Sampling diverse, thermodynamically feasible molecular conformations plays a crucial role in predicting properties of a molecule. In this paper we propose to use GFlowNet for sampling conformations of small molecules from the Boltzmann…

We introduce SynFormer, a generative modeling framework designed to efficiently explore and navigate synthesizable chemical space. Unlike traditional molecular generation approaches, we generate synthetic pathways for molecules to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Wenhao Gao , Shitong Luo , Connor W. Coley

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a class of generative models that sample objects in proportion to a specified reward function through a learned policy. They can be trained either on-policy or off-policy, needing a balance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Dominic Phillips , Flaviu Cipcigan

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates in an active learning context, with a training objective that makes them approximately sample in proportion to a given reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yoshua Bengio , Salem Lahlou , Tristan Deleu , Edward J. Hu , Mo Tiwari , Emmanuel Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are powerful samplers for compositional objects that, by design, sample proportionally to a given non-negative reward. Nonetheless, in practice, they often struggle to explore the reward landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pedro Dall'Antonia , Tiago da Silva , Daniel Augusto de Souza , César Lincoln C. Mattos , Diego Mesquita

The discovery of novel solid-state materials, such as electrocatalysts, super-ionic conductors, or photovoltaic materials, plays a critical role in addressing various global challenges. It has, for instance, the potential to significantly…

Generative recommendations (GR), which usually include item tokenizers and generative Large Language Models (LLMs), have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of scenarios. The majority of existing research efforts primarily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yejing Wang , Shengyu Zhou , Jinyu Lu , Qidong Liu , Xinhang Li , Wenlin Zhang , Feng Li , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a new family of probabilistic samplers where an agent learns a stochastic policy for generating complex combinatorial structure through a series of decision-making steps. Despite being inspired from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dinghuai Zhang , Ling Pan , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Unitary Synthesis, the decomposition of a unitary matrix into a sequence of quantum gates, is a fundamental challenge in quantum compilation. Prevailing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are often hampered by sparse reward signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Inhoe Koo , Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

The challenge of discovering new molecules with desired properties is crucial in domains like drug discovery and material design. Recent advances in deep learning-based generative methods have shown promise but face the issue of sample…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-31 Hyeonah Kim , Minsu Kim , Sanghyeok Choi , Jinkyoo Park

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates with probabilities proportional to a given reward. However, GFlowNets can only be used with a predefined scalar reward, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yihang Chen , Lukas Mauch

Generative Flow Networks (or GFlowNets for short) are a family of probabilistic agents that learn to sample complex combinatorial structures through the lens of "inference as control". They have shown great potential in generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Ling Pan , Dinghuai Zhang , Moksh Jain , Longbo Huang , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets, GFNs) are a generative framework for learning unnormalized probability mass functions over discrete spaces. Since their inception, GFlowNets have proven to be useful for learning generative models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Lazar Atanackovic , Emmanuel Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a family of probabilistic generative models that learn to sample compositional objects proportional to their rewards. One big challenge of GFlowNets is training them effectively when dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Zarif Ikram , Ling Pan , Dianbo Liu

Generating stable molecular conformations is crucial in several drug discovery applications, such as estimating the binding affinity of a molecule to a target. Recently, generative machine learning methods have emerged as a promising, more…

The recently proposed generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method of training a policy to sample compositional discrete objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward via a sequence of actions. GFlowNets exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Daniil Tiapkin , Nikita Morozov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been shown effective to generate combinatorial objects with desired properties. We here propose a new GFlowNet training framework, with policy-dependent rewards, that bridges keeping flow balance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Puhua Niu , Shili Wu , Mingzhou Fan , Xiaoning Qian