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Fully automated verification of large-scale software and hardware systems is arguably the holy grail of formal methods. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated their potential for enhancing the degree of automation in formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhongyi Wang , Tengjie Lin , Mingshuai Chen , Haokun Li , Mingqi Yang , Xiao Yi , Shengchao Qin , Yixing Luo , Xiaofeng Li , Bin Gu , Liqiang Lu , Jianwei Yin

Alignment has become a critical step for instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to become helpful assistants. However, the effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still largely unexplored. To fill in this gap,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Sravani Gunnu , Shanmukha Guttula , Hima Patel

While existing benchmarks demonstrate the near-perfect performance of large language models (LLMs) on various tasks, this apparent saturation often obscures the need for rigorous evaluation of their reliability. In real-world deployment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Eungyeup Kim , Chenchen Gu , Vashisth Tiwari , J. Zico Kolter

The adeptness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in comprehending and following natural language instructions is critical for their deployment in sophisticated real-world applications. Existing evaluations mainly focus on fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Tao Zhang , Chenglin Zhu , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Yan Zhang , Hao Liang , Tao Zhang , Fan Yang , Mingan Lin , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang , Zenan Zhou

Code generation models can help improve many common software tasks ranging from code completion to defect prediction. Most of the existing benchmarks for code generation LLMs focus on code authoring or code completion. Surprisingly, there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kush Jain , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

Summarization is one of the most common tasks performed by large language models (LLMs), especially in applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, existing evaluations of hallucinations in LLM-generated summaries, and…

Ensuring correctness is a pivotal aspect of software engineering. Among the various strategies available, software verification offers a definitive assurance of correctness. Nevertheless, writing verification proofs is resource-intensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Lichen Zhang , Shuai Lu , Nan Duan

Binary code summarization, while invaluable for understanding code semantics, is challenging due to its labor-intensive nature. This study delves into the potential of large language models (LLMs) for binary code comprehension. To this end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xin Jin , Jonathan Larson , Weiwei Yang , Zhiqiang Lin

Automatically resolving software issues is crucial for software development in practice, impacting the software quality and user experience. The process of resolving real-world issues encompasses tasks such as question-answering (QA), fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ruida Hu , Chao Peng , Jingyi Ren , Bo Jiang , Xiangxin Meng , Qinyun Wu , Pengfei Gao , Xinchen Wang , Cuiyun Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for advancing fact-checking by leveraging their capabilities in reasoning, evidence retrieval, and explanation generation. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuo Yang , Yuqin Dai , Guoqing Wang , Xinran Zheng , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Edith C. H. Ngai

Synthetic verification techniques such as generating test cases and reward modelling are common ways to enhance the coding capabilities of large language models (LLM) beyond predefined tests. Additionally, code verification has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aleksander Ficek , Somshubra Majumdar , Vahid Noroozi , Boris Ginsburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental across various applications, with the customization of these models to specific scenarios becoming increasingly critical. System message, a fundamental component of LLMs, is consist of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yanzhao Qin , Tao Zhang , Tao Zhang , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Haoze Sun , Yan Zhang , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Decompilers are fundamental tools for critical security tasks, from vulnerability discovery to malware analysis, yet their evaluation remains fragmented. Existing approaches primarily focus on syntactic correctness through synthetic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zeyu Gao , Yuxin Cui , Hao Wang , Siliang Qin , Yuanda Wang , Bolun Zhang , Chao Zhang

Automating hardware design could obviate a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and lead to fewer errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description language to model and design digital systems, thus generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Zhenxing Fan , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable instruction-following capabilities across various applications. However, their performance in multilingual settings lacks systematic investigation, with existing evaluations lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhenyu Li , Kehai Chen , Yunfei Long , Xuefeng Bai , Yaoyin Zhang , Xuchen Wei , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Programmers are turning to AI coding assistants to answer questions about their code. Benchmarks are needed to soundly evaluate these systems and understand their performance. To enable such a study, we curate a benchmark of real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ferida Mohammed , Fatma Ayad , Petros Maniatis , Satish Chandra , Elizabeth Dinella

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet their significant computational demands hinder practical deployment. While efforts to improve LVLM efficiency are growing, existing methods lack comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zekun Wang , Minghua Ma , Zexin Wang , Rongchuan Mu , Liping Shan , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang