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Low-rank training has emerged as a promising approach for reducing memory usage in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Previous methods either rely on decomposing weight matrices (e.g., LoRA), or seek to decompose gradient matrices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xi Chen , Kaituo Feng , Changsheng Li , Xunhao Lai , Xiangyu Yue , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have long held sway in the realms of artificial intelligence research. Numerous efficient techniques, including weight pruning, quantization, and distillation, have been embraced to compress LLMs, targeting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Yifan Gong , Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Yushu Wu , Ming Lin , Chao Wu , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced artificial intelligence by optimizing traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) workflows, facilitating their integration into various systems. Many such NLP systems, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jiliang Ni , Jiachen Pu , Zhongyi Yang , Kun Zhou , Hui Wang , Xiaoliang Xiao , Dakui Wang , Xin Li , Jingfeng Luo , Conggang Hu

This paper presents ProFL, a new framework that effectively addresses the memory constraints in FL. Rather than updating the full model during local training, ProFL partitions the model into blocks based on its original architecture and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yebo Wu , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

The increased digitization of the labour market has given researchers, educators, and companies the means to analyze and better understand the labour market. However, labour market resources, although available in high volumes, tend to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Jarno Vrolijk , David Graus

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance as text embedding models when finetuned with supervised contrastive training. However, their large size balloons inference time and memory requirements. In this paper, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Thennal D K , Tim Fischer , Chris Biemann

Large Language Models (LLMs) present significant computational and memory challenges due to their extensive size, making pruning essential for their efficient deployment. Existing one-shot pruning methods often apply uniform sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Florentin Beck , William Rudman , Carsten Eickhoff

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks by adhering to scaling laws, which significantly increase model size. However, the huge computation overhead during inference hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zekai Li , Jintu Zheng , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Haowei Zhu , Zeping Li , Fuwei Yang , Haiduo Huang , Jinzhang Peng , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models becomes available over time. Unfortunately, these models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is highly memory-intensive due to optimizer state overhead. The FRUGAL framework mitigates this with gradient splitting, but its static hyperparameters -- the subspace ratio ($\rho$) and update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Quang-Hung Bui , Anh Son Ta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability. Whenever a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yu-Che Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yuan-Hao Chen , Yu-Han Chang , Ching-Yu Tsai , Yu-Hsiang Chuang , Shou-De Lin

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as effective action policies for sequential decision-making (SDM) tasks due to their extensive prior knowledge. However, this broad yet general knowledge is often insufficient for specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xue Yan , Zijing Ou , Mengyue Yang , Yan Song , Haifeng Zhang , Yingzhen Li , Jun Wang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram