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Related papers: Refusal as Silence: Gendered Disparities in Vision…

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We present a novel, domain-agnostic counterfactual approach that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to quantify gender disparities in human clinical decision-making. The method trains an LLM to emulate observed decisions, then evaluates…

Humor holds up a mirror to social perception: what we find funny often reflects who we are and how we judge others. When language models engage with humor, their reactions expose the social assumptions they have internalized from training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shubin Kim , Yejin Son , Junyeong Park , Keummin Ka , Seungbeen Lee , Jaeyoung Lee , Hyeju Jang , Alice Oh , Youngjae Yu

This study examines the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) when evaluating professional candidates based on their resumes or curricula vitae (CVs). In an experiment involving 22 leading LLMs, each model was systematically given one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 David Rozado

While vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance improvements recently, there is growing evidence that these models also posses harmful biases with respect to social attributes such as gender and race. Prior studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Phillip Howard , Avinash Madasu , Tiep Le , Gustavo Lujan Moreno , Vasudev Lal

This study investigates how online counterspeech, defined as direct responses to harmful online content with the intention of dissuading the perpetrator from further engaging in such behavior, is influenced by the match between a target of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kaike Ping , James Hawdon , Eugenia Rho

Unlike text, speech conveys information about the speaker, such as gender, through acoustic cues like pitch. This gives rise to modality-specific bias concerns. For example, in speech translation (ST), when translating from languages with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lina Conti , Dennis Fucci , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Guillaume Wisniewski , Luisa Bentivogli

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate economic and organisational processes, from automated customer support and recruitment to investment advice and policy analysis. These systems are often assumed to embody rational decision…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-18 Luca Corazzini , Elisa Deriu , Marco Guerzoni

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the potential to automate hiring by matching job descriptions with candidate resumes, streamlining recruitment processes, and reducing operational costs. However, biases inherent in these models may lead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hayate Iso , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Nikita Bhutani , Estevam Hruschka

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs), particularly for cybersecurity tasks, primarily focuses on preventing misuse. While this approach reduces direct harm, it obscures a complementary failure mode: denial of assistance to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 David Campbell , Neil Kale , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Bert Herring , Nick Price , Dan Borges , Alex Levinson , Christina Q Knight

Our society is plagued by several biases, including racial biases, caste biases, and gender bias. As a matter of fact, several years ago, most of these notions were unheard of. These biases passed through generations along with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Lavisha Aggarwal , Shruti Bhargava

The ability of language models in RAG systems to selectively refuse to answer based on flawed context is critical for safety, yet remains a significant failure point. Our large-scale study reveals that even frontier models struggle in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Aashiq Muhamed , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Markus Dreyer , Virginia Smith , Mona T. Diab

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across tasks involving both visual and textual modalities. However, growing concerns remain about their potential to encode and amplify gender bias, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yue Xu , Wenjie Wang

Individuals signal aspects of their identity and beliefs through linguistic choices. Studying these choices in aggregate allows us to examine large-scale attitude shifts within a population. Here, we develop computational methods to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Sky CH-Wang , David Jurgens

Speech-aware Language Models (SpeechLMs) have fundamentally transformed human-AI interaction by enabling voice-based communication, yet they may exhibit acoustic-based gender differentiation where identical questions lead to different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Junhyuk Choi , Jihwan Seol , Nayeon Kim , Chanhee Cho , EunBin Cho , Bugeun Kim

Content Warning: This paper contains participant quotes and discussions related to mental health challenges, emotional distress, and suicidal ideation. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for mental health support, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ningjing Tang , Alice Qian , Qiaosi Wang , Esther Howe , Blake Bullwinkel , Paola Pedrelli , Jina Suh , Hoda Heidari , Hong Shen

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is being rapidly deployed in recruitment and for candidate shortlisting. We audit several mid-sized open-source LLMs for gender bias using a dataset of…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-01 Sugat Chaturvedi , Rochana Chaturvedi

Translating from languages without productive grammatical gender like English into gender-marked languages is a well-known difficulty for machines. This difficulty is also due to the fact that the training data on which models are built…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Luisa Bentivogli , Beatrice Savoldi , Matteo Negri , Mattia Antonino Di Gangi , Roldano Cattoni , Marco Turchi

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted as research assistants, particularly for literature review and reference recommendation, yet little is known about whether they introduce demographic bias into citation workflows. This…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiangen He

Conversational large language models are fine-tuned for both instruction-following and safety, resulting in models that obey benign requests but refuse harmful ones. While this refusal behavior is widespread across chat models, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andy Arditi , Oscar Obeso , Aaquib Syed , Daniel Paleka , Nina Panickssery , Wes Gurnee , Neel Nanda

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in hiring, with large language models (LLMs) having the potential to influence or even make hiring decisions. However, this raises pressing concerns about bias, fairness, and trust,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Pooja S. B. Rao , Laxminarayen Nagarajan Venkatesan , Mauro Cherubini , Dinesh Babu Jayagopi