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The need for clear, trustworthy explanations of deep learning model predictions is essential for high-criticality fields, such as medicine and biometric identification. Class Activation Maps (CAMs) are an increasingly popular category of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Emily Kaczmarek , Olivier X. Miguel , Alexa C. Bowie , Robin Ducharme , Alysha L. J. Dingwall-Harvey , Steven Hawken , Christine M. Armour , Mark C. Walker , Kevin Dick

Visual recognition tasks are often limited to dealing with a small subset of classes simply because the labels for the remaining classes are unavailable. We are interested in identifying novel concepts in a dataset through representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Geeho Kim , Junoh Kang , Bohyung Han

Despite their high accuracies, modern complex image classifiers cannot be trusted for sensitive tasks due to their unknown decision-making process and potential biases. Counterfactual explanations are very effective in providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Kamran Alipour , Aditya Lahiri , Ehsan Adeli , Babak Salimi , Michael Pazzani

Representation learning seeks to expose certain aspects of observed data in a learned representation that's amenable to downstream tasks like classification. For instance, a good representation for 2D images might be one that describes only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Xi Chen , Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Yan Duan , Prafulla Dhariwal , John Schulman , Ilya Sutskever , Pieter Abbeel

In one-class novelty detection, a model learns solely on the in-class data to single out out-class instances. Autoencoder (AE) variants aim to compactly model the in-class data to reconstruct it exclusively, thus differentiating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Jaewoo Park , Yoon Gyo Jung , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Structural causal models (SCMs) allow us to investigate complex systems at multiple levels of resolution. The causal abstraction (CA) framework formalizes the mapping between high- and low-level SCMs. We address CA learning in a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gabriele D'Acunto , Fabio Massimo Zennaro , Yorgos Felekis , Paolo Di Lorenzo

Many thousands of patent applications arrive at patent offices around the world every day. One important subtask when a patent application is submitted is to assign one or more classification codes from the complex and hierarchical patent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Eleni Kamateri , Vasileios Stamatis , Konstantinos Diamantaras , Michail Salampasis

This paper proposes a generic formulation that significantly expedites the training and deployment of image classification models, particularly under the scenarios of many image categories and high feature dimensions. As a defining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Fumin Shen , Yadong Mu , Wei Liu , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Conventionally, AI models are thought to trade off explainability for lower accuracy. We develop a training strategy that not only leads to a more explainable AI system for object classification, but as a consequence, suffers no perceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Andrea Zunino , Sarah Adel Bargal , Riccardo Volpi , Mehrnoosh Sameki , Jianming Zhang , Stan Sclaroff , Vittorio Murino , Kate Saenko

We introduce associative embedding, a novel method for supervising convolutional neural networks for the task of detection and grouping. A number of computer vision problems can be framed in this manner including multi-person pose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Alejandro Newell , Zhiao Huang , Jia Deng

Visual counterfactual explanations identify modifications to an image that would change the prediction of a classifier. We propose a set of techniques based on generative models (VAE) and a classifier ensemble directly trained in the latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Claire Theobald , Frédéric Pennerath , Brieuc Conan-Guez , Miguel Couceiro , Amedeo Napoli

Understanding why a classification model prefers one class over another for an input instance is the challenge of contrastive explanation. This work implements concept-based contrastive explanations for image classification by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuliia Kaidashova , Bettina Finzel , Ute Schmid

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to enable models to continuously learn new classes without catastrophically forgetting old ones. A promising direction is to learn and use prototypes of classes during incremental updates. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Huitong Chen , Yu Wang , Yan Fan , Guosong Jiang , Qinghua Hu

Calibration strengthens the trustworthiness of black-box models by producing better accurate confidence estimates on given examples. However, little is known about if model explanations can help confidence calibration. Intuitively, humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen

Learning robust representations of authorial style is crucial for authorship attribution and AI-generated text detection. However, existing methods often struggle with content-style entanglement, where models learn spurious correlations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Hieu Man , Van-Cuong Pham , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Representation learning on graphs has been gaining attention due to its wide applicability in predicting missing links, and classifying and recommending nodes. Most embedding methods aim to preserve certain properties of the original graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Palash Goyal , Di Huang , Sujit Rokka Chhetri , Arquimedes Canedo , Jaya Shree , Evan Patterson

Recently, several methods have leveraged deep generative modeling to produce example-based explanations of image classifiers. Despite producing visually stunning results, these methods are largely disconnected from classical explainability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Philipp Vaeth , Alexander M. Fruehwald , Benjamin Paassen , Magda Gregorova

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having more influence on our everyday lives, it becomes important that AI-based decisions are transparent and explainable. As a consequence, the field of eXplainable AI (or XAI) has become popular in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Nils Ole Breuer , Andreas Sauter , Majid Mohammadi , Erman Acar

Semantic segmentation is a computer vision task that associates a label with each pixel in an image. Modern approaches tend to introduce class embeddings into semantic segmentation for deeply utilizing category semantics, and regard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Yuhe Liu , Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Quan Tang , Zengchang Qin

Prevalent semantic segmentation methods generally adopt a vanilla classifier to categorize each pixel into specific classes. Although such a classifier learns global information from the training data, this information is represented by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Huadong Tang , Youpeng Zhao , Min Xu , Jun Wang , Qiang Wu