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Composition is a cornerstone of visual aesthetics, influencing the appeal of an image. While its principles operate independently of specific content, in practice, composition is often coupled with semantics. As a result, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kai Zou , Zhiwei Zhao , Bin Liu , Nenghai Yu

The excellent generative capabilities of text-to-image diffusion models suggest they learn informative representations of image-text data. However, what knowledge their representations capture is not fully understood, and they have not been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Kevin Clark , Priyank Jaini

Performant vision-language (VL) models like CLIP represent captions using a single vector. How much information about language is lost in this bottleneck? We first curate CompPrompts, a set of increasingly compositional image captions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang

As large-scale text-to-image generation models have made remarkable progress in the field of text-to-image generation, many fine-tuning methods have been proposed. However, these models often struggle with novel objects, especially with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jianxiang Lu , Cong Xie , Hui Guo

Existing subject-driven text-to-image generation models suffer from tedious fine-tuning steps and struggle to maintain both text-image alignment and subject fidelity. For generating compositional subjects, it often encounters problems such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Shengyuan Liu , Bo Wang , Ye Ma , Te Yang , Xipeng Cao , Quan Chen , Han Li , Di Dong , Peng Jiang

Diffusion models have shown excellent performance in text-to-image generation. Nevertheless, existing methods often suffer from performance bottlenecks when handling complex prompts that involve multiple objects, characteristics, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mingcheng Li , Xiaolu Hou , Ziyang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Ziyun Qian , Jiawei Chen , Jinjie Wei , Yue Jiang , Qingyao Xu , Lihua Zhang

Text-to-optimization requires two separable capabilities: modeling -- choosing the right optimization structure -- and binding -- grounding every coefficient, index, and parameter in the concrete problem data. We study this via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhiqi Gao , Albert Ge , Alexander Berenbeim , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Frederic Sala

Large-scale pre-trained image-text models demonstrate remarkable versatility across diverse tasks, benefiting from their robust representational capabilities and effective multimodal alignment. We extend the application of these models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sooyoung Park , Arda Senocak , Joon Son Chung

We consider the problem of conditional text-to-image synthesis with diffusion models. Most recent works need to either finetune specific parts of the base diffusion model or introduce new trainable parameters, leading to deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tripti Shukla , Srikrishna Karanam , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

The text-to-image synthesis by diffusion models has recently shown remarkable performance in generating high-quality images. Although performs well for simple texts, the models may get confused when faced with complex texts that contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Chang Yu , Junran Peng , Xiangyu Zhu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Qi Tian , Zhen Lei

Multi-modal contrastive models such as CLIP achieve state-of-the-art performance in zero-shot classification by embedding input images and texts on a joint representational space. Recently, a modality gap has been reported in two-encoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Abrar Fahim , Alex Murphy , Alona Fyshe

We propose a novel framework for ID-preserving generation using a multi-modal encoding strategy rather than injecting identity features via adapters into pre-trained models. Our method treats identity and text as a unified conditioning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zichuan Liu , Liming Jiang , Qing Yan , Yumin Jia , Hao Kang , Xin Lu

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP are trained with the objective of aligning text and image pairs. To improve CLIP-based few-shot image classification, recent works have observed that, along with text embeddings, image embeddings from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Dipam Goswami , Simone Magistri , Gido M. van de Ven , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Tinne Tuytelaars , Joost van de Weijer

Contrastively trained vision-language models have achieved remarkable progress in vision and language representation learning, leading to state-of-the-art models for various downstream multimodal tasks. However, recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Harman Singh , Pengchuan Zhang , Qifan Wang , Mengjiao Wang , Wenhan Xiong , Jingfei Du , Yu Chen

In text-to-image diffusion models, the cross-attention map of each text token indicates the specific image regions attended. Comparing these maps of syntactically related tokens provides insights into how well the generated image reflects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jeeyung Kim , Erfan Esmaeili , Qiang Qiu

Compositionality is a critical capability in Text-to-Image (T2I) models, as it reflects their ability to understand and combine multiple concepts from text descriptions. Existing evaluations of compositional capability rely heavily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xindi Wu , Dingli Yu , Yangsibo Huang , Olga Russakovsky , Sanjeev Arora

This paper describes our zero-shot approaches for the Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (VWSD) Task in English. Our preliminary study shows that the simple approach of matching candidate images with the phrase using CLIP suffers from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Jie S. Li , Yow-Ting Shiue , Yong-Siang Shih , Jonas Geiping

Text-to-image diffusion models sometimes depict blended concepts in the generated images. One promising use case of this effect would be the nonword-to-image generation task which attempts to generate images intuitively imaginable from a…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chihaya Matsuhira , Marc A. Kastner , Takahiro Komamizu , Takatsugu Hirayama , Ichiro Ide

In this work, we are dedicated to text-guided image generation and propose a novel framework, i.e., CLIP2GAN, by leveraging CLIP model and StyleGAN. The key idea of our CLIP2GAN is to bridge the output feature embedding space of CLIP and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yixuan Wang , Wengang Zhou , Jianmin Bao , Weilun Wang , Li Li , Houqiang Li

The CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) model and its variants are becoming the de facto backbone in many applications. However, training a CLIP model from hundreds of millions of image-text pairs can be prohibitively expensive.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Liangliang Cao , Bowen Zhang , Chen Chen , Yinfei Yang , Xianzhi Du , Wencong Zhang , Zhiyun Lu , Yantao Zheng