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Multi-hop reading comprehension across multiple documents attracts much attention recently. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to tackle this multi-hop reading comprehension problem. Inspired by human reasoning processing, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Zeyun Tang , Yongliang Shen , Xinyin Ma , Wei Xu , Jiale Yu , Weiming Lu

State-of-the-art approaches to reasoning and question answering over knowledge graphs (KGs) usually scale with the number of edges and can only be applied effectively on small instance-dependent subgraphs. In this paper, we address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mattia Atzeni , Jasmina Bogojeska , Andreas Loukas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in language understanding and generation, yet they continue to underperform on knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks due to limited access to structured context and multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Travis Thompson , Seung-Hwan Lim , Paul Liu , Ruoying He , Dongkuan Xu

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-hop reasoning over knowledge-graphs (KGs), and we identify a previously overlooked structural reason for this difficulty: Transformer attention heads naturally specialize in distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jinliang Liu , Jiale Bai , Shaoning Zeng

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao

Modern enterprises manage vast knowledge distributed across heterogeneous systems such as Jira, Git repositories, Confluence, and wikis. Conventional retrieval methods based on keyword search or static embeddings often fail to answer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nilima Rao , Jagriti Srivastava , Pradeep Kumar Sharma , Hritvik Shrivastava

In Textual question answering (TQA) systems, complex questions often require retrieving multiple textual fact chains with multiple reasoning steps. While existing benchmarks are limited to single-chain or single-hop retrieval scenarios. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Minjun Zhu , Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) aims to find the answer entity in a knowledge graph (KG), which requires multiple steps of reasoning. Existing retrieval-based approaches solve this task by concentrating on the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Haowei Du , Quzhe Huang , Chen Li , Chen Zhang , Yang Li , Dongyan Zhao

Scaling long-context capabilities is crucial for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, real-world multimodal datasets are extremely heterogeneous. Existing training frameworks predominantly rely on static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yifan Niu , Han Xiao , Dongyi Liu , Wei Zhou , Jia Li

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graph~(KGQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away from the topic entities mentioned in a natural language question on a large-scale Knowledge Graph (KG). To cope with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Knowledge graph (KG) is known to be helpful for the task of question answering (QA), since it provides well-structured relational information between entities, and allows one to further infer indirect facts. However, it is challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Zornitsa Kozareva , Alexander J. Smola , Le Song

In large language model-based agents, memory serves as a critical capability for achieving personalization by storing and utilizing users' information. Although some previous studies have adopted memory to implement user personalization,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zeyu Zhang , Yang Zhang , Haoran Tan , Rui Li , Xu Chen

This paper proposes a novel approach to analyzing multi-hop reasoning in language models through Hamiltonian mechanics. We map reasoning chains in embedding spaces to Hamiltonian systems, defining a function that balances reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Javier Marin

Long text generation is an important but challenging task.The main problem lies in learning sentence-level semantic dependencies which traditional generative models often suffer from. To address this problem, we propose a Multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Liang Zhao , Jingjing Xu , Junyang Lin , Yichang Zhang , Hongxia Yang , Xu Sun

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) aims to answer user-questions from a knowledge graph (KG) by identifying the reasoning relations between topic entity and answer. As a complex branch task of KGQA, multi-hop KGQA requires reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Weiqiang Jin , Biao Zhao , Hang Yu , Xi Tao , Ruiping Yin , Guizhong Liu

In this study, we introduced a new benchmark consisting of a curated dataset and a defined evaluation process to assess the compositional reasoning capabilities of large language models within the chemistry domain. We designed and validated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mohammad Khodadad , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Mahdi Astaraki , Nicholas Sherck , Hamidreza Mahyar , Soheila Samiee

Multi-hop inference is necessary for machine learning systems to successfully solve tasks such as Recognising Textual Entailment and Machine Reading. In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of adaptive computation for learning the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mark Neumann , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Answering natural language questions on knowledge graphs (KGQA) remains a great challenge in terms of understanding complex questions via multi-hop reasoning. Previous efforts usually exploit large-scale entity-related text corpora or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Zile Qiao , Wei Ye , Tong Zhang , Tong Mo , Weiping Li , Shikun Zhang

Large scale knowledge graphs (KGs) such as Freebase are generally incomplete. Reasoning over multi-hop (mh) KG paths is thus an important capability that is needed for question answering or other NLP tasks that require knowledge about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Wenpeng Yin , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Hinrich Schütze