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In a nonlocal game, two noncommunicating players cooperate to convince a referee that they possess a strategy that does not violate the rules of the game. Quantum strategies allow players to optimally win some games by performing joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jim Furches , Sarah Chehade , Kathleen Hamilton , Nathan Wiebe , Carlos Ortiz Marrero

When three or more particles are considered, quantum correlations can be stronger than the correlations generated by so-called hybrid local hidden variable models, where some of the particles are considered as a single block inside which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 Fabian Bernards , Otfried Gühne

In quantum information, device-independent protocols offer a new approach to information processing tasks, making minimal assumptions about the devices used. Typically, since these protocols draw conclusions directly from the data collected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Gelo Noel M. Tabia , Alex Yueh-Ting Shih , Jin-Yuan Zheng , Yeong-Cherng Liang

We review some counterintuitive properties of standard measures describing quantum entanglement and violation of Bell's inequality (often referred to as "nonlocality") in two-qubit systems. By comparing the nonlocality, negativity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-10 Adam Miranowicz , Bohdan Horst , Andrzej Koper

While the interest in multipartite nonlocality has grown in recent years, its existence in large quantum systems is difficult to confirm experimentally. This is mostly due to the inadequacy of standard multipartite Bell inequalities to…

We propose two semi-device-independent approaches that are able to quantify unknown multipartite quantum entanglement experimentally, where the only information that has to be known beforehand is quantum dimension, and the concept that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Lijinzhi Lin , Zhaohui Wei

Certifying the performance of quantum computers requires standardized tests. We propose a simple energy estimation benchmark that is motivated from quantum chemistry. With this benchmark we statistically characterize the noisy outcome of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Andreas J. C. Woitzik , Lukas Hoffmann , Andreas Buchleitner , Edoardo G. Carnio

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

We construct a set of 2^(2^n) independent Bell correlation inequalities for n-partite systems with two dichotomic observables each, which is complete in the sense that the inequalities are satisfied if and only if the correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. F. Werner , M. M. Wolf

Nonlocality is one of the most important resources for quantum information protocols. The observation of nonlocal correlations in a Bell experiment is the result of appropriately chosen measurements and quantum states. We quantify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Lucas Tendick , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Bell's Theorem started with two qubits, spins $1/2$. It is a no-go statement on classical (local causal) models of quantum correlations. Only after 25 years, it turned out that for three qubits the situation is even more mind boggling.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-16 Wieslaw Laskowski , Junghee Ryu , Marek Zukowski

Current technological advancements of quantum computers highlight the need for application-driven, practical and well-defined methods of benchmarking their performance. As the existing NISQ device's quality of two-qubit gate errors rate is…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Krzysztof Kurowski , Piotr Rydlichowski , Konrad Wojciechowski , Tomasz Pecyna , Mateusz Slysz

Quantum computer emulators model the behavior and error rates of specific quantum processors. Without accurate noise models in these emulators, it is challenging for users to optimize and debug executable quantum programs prior to running…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Matthew Ho , Jun Yong Khoo , Adrian M. Mak , Stefano Carrazza

Most of known multipartite Bell inequalities involve correlation functions for all subsystems. They are useless for entangled states without such correlations. We give a method of derivation of families of Bell inequalities for N parties,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-08 Marcin Wieśniak , Mohamed Nawareg , Marek Żukowski

Quantum computation promises to advance a wide range of computational tasks. However, current quantum hardware suffers from noise and is too small for error correction. Thus, accurately utilizing noisy quantum computers strongly relies on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Friedrich Wagner , Daniel J. Egger , Frauke Liers

One of the crucial steps in building a scalable quantum computer is to identify the noise sources which lead to errors in the process of quantum evolution. Different implementations come with multiple hardware-dependent sources of noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Daniel Stilck França , Sergii Strelchuk , Michał Studziński

We propose a method to generate analytical quantum Bell inequalities based on the principle of Macroscopic Locality. By imposing locality over binary processings of virtual macroscopic intensities, we establish a correspondence between Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-17 Tzyh Haur Yang , Miguel Navascués , Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

In the scale-up of quantum computers, the framework underpinning fault-tolerance generally relies on the strong assumption that environmental noise affecting qubit logic is uncorrelated (Markovian). However, as physical devices progress…

Contemporary understanding of correlations in quantum many-body systems and in quantum phase transitions is based to a large extent on the recent intensive studies of entanglement in many-body systems. In contrast, much less is known about…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 J. Tura , R. Augusiak , A. B. Sainz , B. Lücke , C. Klempt , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

The non-local correlations exhibited when measuring entangled particles can be used to certify the presence of genuine randomness in Bell experiments. While non-locality is necessary for randomness certification, it is unclear when and why…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-18 Chirag Dhara , Giuseppe Prettico , Antonio Acin