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Related papers: Readout Error Mitigation for Mid-Circuit Measureme…

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Readout errors are a significant source of noise for near term quantum computers. A variety of methods have been proposed to mitigate these errors using classical post processing. For a system with $n$ qubits, the entire readout error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Benjamin Nachman , Michael R. Geller

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

Readout errors are a significant source of noise for near term intermediate scale quantum computers. Mismeasuring a qubit as a 1 when it should be 0 occurs much less often than mismeasuring a qubit as a 0 when it should have been 1. We make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Rebecca Hicks , Christian W. Bauer , Benjamin Nachman

Quantum measurement is important to quantum computing as it extracts the outcome of the circuit at the end of the computation. Previously, all measurements have to be done at the end of the circuit. Otherwise, it will incur significant…

Mid-circuit measurements are a key component in many quantum information computing protocols, including quantum error correction, fault-tolerant logical operations, and measurement based quantum computing. As such, techniques to quickly and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 L. C. G. Govia , P. Jurcevic , C. J. Wood , N. Kanazawa , S. T. Merkel , D. C. McKay

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

Quantum technologies rely heavily on accurate control and reliable readout of quantum systems. Current experiments are limited by numerous sources of noise that can only be partially captured by simple analytical models and additional…

Designing quantum systems with the measurement speed and accuracy needed for quantum error correction using superconducting qubits requires iterative design and test informed by accurate models and characterization tools. We introduce a…

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) and Quantum Error Correction (QEC) rely on dynamic circuits that include Mid-Circuit Measurements (MCMs) and classical feedback. These operations present a major bottleneck: MCMs suffer from high error…

Frequency-multiplexing is an effective method to achieve resource-efficient superconducting qubit readout. Allowing multiple resonators to share a common feedline, the number of cables and passive components involved in the readout of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Satvik Maurya , Chaithanya Naik Mude , Benjamin Lienhard , Swamit Tannu

When using unitary gate sequences, the growth in depth of many quantum circuits with output size poses significant obstacles to practical quantum computation. The quantum fan-out operation, which reduces the circuit depth of quantum…

Mid-circuit measurements used in quantum error correction are essential in quantum computer architecture, as they read out syndrome data and drive logic gates. Here, we use a heavy-hex code prepared on a superconducting qubit array to…

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

Quantum error correction is essential for reliable quantum computation, where surface codes demonstrate high fault-tolerant thresholds and hardware efficiency. However, noise in single-shot measurements limits logical readout fidelity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Quantum error mitigation plays a crucial role in the current noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) era. As we advance towards achieving a practical quantum advantage in the near term, error mitigation emerges as an indispensable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Peiyi Li , Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Zain Hamid Saleem , Huiyang Zhou , Paul Hovland

We propose a simple scheme to reduce readout errors in experiments on quantum systems with finite number of measurement outcomes. Our method relies on performing classical post-processing which is preceded by Quantum Detector Tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Filip B. Maciejewski , Zoltán Zimborás , Michał Oszmaniec

High fidelity qubit readout is a cornerstone for quantum information protocols. In traditional superconducting qubit readout, a chain of microwave amplifiers and nonreciprocal components aid in detecting the qubit's state with tolerable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 B. T. Miller , Lindsay Orr , A. Metelmann , F. Lecocq

Error mitigation has enabled quantum computing applications with over one hundred qubits and deep circuits. The most general error mitigation methods rely on a faithful characterization of the noise channels of the hardware. However,…

Measurements that occur within the internal layers of a quantum circuit -- mid-circuit measurements -- are an important quantum computing primitive, most notably for quantum error correction. Mid-circuit measurements have both classical and…