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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of scientific tasks including mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Despite their successes, the effectiveness of LLMs in handling complex statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yizhang Zhu , Shiyin Du , Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

We introduce KoLasSimpleQA, the first benchmark evaluating the multilingual factual ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by existing research, we created the question set with features such as single knowledge point coverage,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bowen Jiang , Runchuan Zhu , Jiang Wu , Zinco Jiang , Yifan He , Junyuan Gao , Jia Yu , Rui Min , Yinfan Wang , Haote Yang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Lijun Wu , Conghui He

We introduce Latxa, a family of large language models for Basque ranging from 7 to 70 billion parameters. Latxa is based on Llama 2, which we continue pretraining on a new Basque corpus comprising 4.3M documents and 4.2B tokens. Addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Julen Etxaniz , Oscar Sainz , Naiara Perez , Itziar Aldabe , German Rigau , Eneko Agirre , Aitor Ormazabal , Mikel Artetxe , Aitor Soroa

Language models (LMs) are capable of acquiring elements of human-like syntactic knowledge. Targeted syntactic evaluation tests have been employed to measure how well they form generalizations about syntactic phenomena in high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Daria Kryvosheieva , Roger Levy

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns about cultural bias, fairness, and performance in diverse languages and underrepresented regions. Addressing these gaps requires large-scale resources grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Firoj Alam , Md Arid Hasan , Sahinur Rahman Laskar , Mucahid Kutlu , Kareem Darwish , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

Despite substantial research efforts evaluating how well large language models~(LLMs) handle global cultural diversity, the mechanisms behind their cultural knowledge acquisition, particularly in multilingual settings, remain unclear. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chen Zhang , Zhiyuan Liao , Yansong Feng

Recent progress in NLP research has demonstrated remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. While recent multilingual benchmarks have advanced cultural evaluation for LLMs, critical gaps remain in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nafis Chowdhury , Moinul Haque , Anika Ahmed , Nazia Tasnim , Md. Istiak Hossain Shihab , Sajjadur Rahman , Farig Sadeque

Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art across a wide range of tasks, including Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Charalampos Mastrokostas , Nikolaos Giarelis , Nikos Karacapilidis

Recent progress in pretraining language models on large textual corpora led to a surge of improvements for downstream NLP tasks. Whilst learning linguistic knowledge, these models may also be storing relational knowledge present in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Fabio Petroni , Tim Rocktäschel , Patrick Lewis , Anton Bakhtin , Yuxiang Wu , Alexander H. Miller , Sebastian Riedel

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance in domain-specific applications and non-English languages remains less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dragos-Dumitru Ghinea , Adela-Nicoleta Corbeanu , Adrian-Marius Dumitran

The success of large pretrained language models (LMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa has sparked interest in probing their representations, in order to unveil what types of knowledge they implicitly capture. While prior research focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Robert Litschko , Goran Glavaš , Anna Korhonen

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to answer natural language questions based on facts in knowledge bases. A typical approach to KBQA is semantic parsing, which translates a question into an executable logical form in a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jinxin Liu , Shulin Cao , Jiaxin Shi , Tingjian Zhang , Lunyiu Nie , Linmei Hu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in solving mathematical problems expressed in natural language. However, multilingual and culturally-grounded mathematical reasoning in low-resource languages lags…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Israel Abebe Azime , Tadesse Destaw Belay , Dietrich Klakow , Philipp Slusallek , Anshuman Chhabra

Previous literatures show that pre-trained masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT can achieve competitive factual knowledge extraction performance on some datasets, indicating that MLMs can potentially be a reliable knowledge source. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Lingyong Yan , Meng Liao , Tong Xue , Jin Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for the automatic evaluation of generated text, yet most prior work focuses on English. Despite the growing demand for multilingual evaluation, extending LLM-based evaluators to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Irune Zubiaga , Aitor Soroa , Rodrigo Agerri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing applications, yet their widespread use raises concerns regarding inherent biases that may reduce utility or harm for particular social groups. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bo Pang , Tingrui Qiao , Caroline Walker , Chris Cunningham , Yun Sing Koh

The global deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about cultural misalignment, yet the linguistic properties of fine-tuning datasets used for cultural adaptation remain poorly understood. We adopt a dataset-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Reem I. Masoud , Chen Feng , Shunta Asano , Saied Alshahrani , Philip Colin Treleaven , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

This paper investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of understanding their knowledge and uncertainty over questions. Specifically, we focus on addressing known-unknown questions, characterized by high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Alfonso Amayuelas , Kyle Wong , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , William Wang

While large language models (LMs) demonstrate remarkable performance, they encounter challenges in providing accurate responses when queried for information beyond their pre-trained memorization. Although augmenting them with relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Seiji Maekawa , Hayate Iso , Sairam Gurajada , Nikita Bhutani

We introduce TeleQnA, the first benchmark dataset designed to evaluate the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) in telecommunications. Comprising 10,000 questions and answers, this dataset draws from diverse sources, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ali Maatouk , Fadhel Ayed , Nicola Piovesan , Antonio De Domenico , Merouane Debbah , Zhi-Quan Luo