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Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) with discrete units leverages recent progress in speech representation learning. Specifically, a sequence of discrete representations derived in a self-supervised manner are predicted from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Rongjie Huang , Jinglin Liu , Huadai Liu , Yi Ren , Lichao Zhang , Jinzheng He , Zhou Zhao

The ultimate goal of expressive speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is to accurately translate spoken content while preserving the speaker identity and emotional style. However, progress in this field is largely hindered by three key…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sitong Cheng , Weizhen Bian , Xinsheng Wang , Ruibin Yuan , Jianyi Chen , Shunshun Yin , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (Simul-S2ST, a.k.a streaming speech translation) outputs target speech while receiving streaming speech inputs, which is critical for real-time communication. Beyond accomplishing translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shaolei Zhang , Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Zhengrui Ma , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is among the most challenging problems in the translation paradigm due to the significant scarcity of S2ST data. While effort has been made to increase the data size from unlabeled speech by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Sravya Popuri , Changhan Wang , Yun Tang , Ilia Kulikov , Hongyu Gong

Speech-aware language models (LMs) have demonstrated capabilities in understanding spoken language while generating text-based responses. However, enabling them to produce speech output efficiently and effectively remains a challenge. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Yuxuan Hu , Haibin Wu , Ruchao Fan , Xiaofei Wang , Heng Lu , Yao Qian , Jinyu Li

Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation (S2ST) has gained increasing attention for its ability to translate speech from one language to another, while reducing error propagation and latency inherent in traditional cascaded pipelines. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Lalaram Arya , Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee , Adarsh C. R. , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Direct Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has drawn more and more attention recently. The task is very challenging due to data scarcity and complex speech-to-speech mapping. In this paper, we report our recent achievements in S2ST.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Qianqian Dong , Fengpeng Yue , Tom Ko , Mingxuan Wang , Qibing Bai , Yu Zhang

In this paper, we present StyleTTS 2, a text-to-speech (TTS) model that leverages style diffusion and adversarial training with large speech language models (SLMs) to achieve human-level TTS synthesis. StyleTTS 2 differs from its…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Yinghao Aaron Li , Cong Han , Vinay S. Raghavan , Gavin Mischler , Nima Mesgarani

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation (Simul-S2TT) aims to translate speech into target text in real time, outputting translations while receiving source speech input, rather than waiting for the entire utterance to be spoken. Simul-S2TT…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Pei Zhang , Yiming Wang , Jialong Tang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang , Derek F. Wong , Fei Huang

End-to-end simultaneous speech translation (SST), which directly translates speech in one language into text in another language in real-time, is useful in many scenarios but has not been fully investigated. In this work, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Xingshan Zeng , Liangyou Li , Qun Liu

Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) converts input speech to speech in another language. A challenge of delivering S2ST in real time is the accumulated delay between the translation and speech synthesis modules. While recently incremental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Danni Liu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong , Xutai Ma , Yun Tang , Juan Pino

Simultaneous speech translation (SST) outputs translations in parallel with streaming speech input, balancing translation quality and latency. While large language models (LLMs) have been extended to handle the speech modality, streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Keqi Deng , Wenxi Chen , Xie Chen , Philip C. Woodland

This paper introduces a cross-lingual dubbing system that translates speech from one language to another while preserving key characteristics such as duration, speaker identity, and speaking speed. Despite the strong translation quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jeongsoo Choi , Jaehun Kim , Joon Son Chung

Text to speech (TTS) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) are two dual tasks in speech processing and both achieve impressive performance thanks to the recent advance in deep learning and large amount of aligned speech and text data.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Yi Ren , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Recent work on Speech-to-Text Translation (S2TT) has focused on LLM-based models, introducing the increasingly adopted Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, where the model is guided to first transcribe the speech and then translate it. CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Oriol Pareras , Gerard I. Gállego , Federico Costa , Cristina España-Bonet , Javier Hernando

Non-autoregressive text to speech (TTS) models such as FastSpeech can synthesize speech significantly faster than previous autoregressive models with comparable quality. The training of FastSpeech model relies on an autoregressive teacher…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Yi Ren , Chenxu Hu , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) translates speech from one language into another using a single model. However, due to the presence of linguistic and acoustic diversity, the target speech follows a complex multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Qingkai Fang , Yan Zhou , Yang Feng

Text-to-Speech (TTS) models have advanced significantly, aiming to accurately replicate human speech's diversity, including unique speaker identities and linguistic nuances. Despite these advancements, achieving an optimal balance between…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 Jinhyeok Yang , Junhyeok Lee , Hyeong-Seok Choi , Seunghun Ji , Hyeongju Kim , Juheon Lee

Transformer-based text to speech (TTS) model (e.g., Transformer TTS~\cite{li2019neural}, FastSpeech~\cite{ren2019fastspeech}) has shown the advantages of training and inference efficiency over RNN-based model (e.g.,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Mingjian Chen , Xu Tan , Yi Ren , Jin Xu , Hao Sun , Sheng Zhao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has achieved impressive translation quality, but it often faces the challenge of slow decoding due to the considerable length of speech sequences. Recently, some research has turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qingkai Fang , Zhengrui Ma , Yan Zhou , Min Zhang , Yang Feng