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The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is a key building block in many power system applications. It determines generator setpoints at minimal cost that meet the power demands while satisfying the underlying physical and operational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Minas Chatzos , Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a critical optimization problem that allocates power to the generators in order to satisfy the demand at a minimum cost. Solving this problem exactly is computationally infeasible in the general case. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Efficiently solving large-scale optimal power flow (OPF) problems is challenging due to the high dimensionality and interconnectivity of modern power systems. Decomposition methods offer a promising solution via partitioning large problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Mohannad Alkhraijah , Devon Sigler , Daniel K. Molzahn

Many practical planning and operational applications in power systems require simultaneous consideration of a large number of operating conditions or Multi-Scenario AC-Optimal Power Flow (MS-AC-OPF) solution. However, when the number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Vladimir Frolov , Line Roald , Michael Chertkov

Electric power grids regularly experience uncertain fluctuations from load demands and renewables, which poses a risk of violating operational limits designed to safeguard the system. In this paper, we consider the robust AC OPF problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The optimal power flow problem is central to many tasks in the design and operation of electric power grids. This problem seeks the minimum cost operating point for an electric power grid while satisfying both engineering requirements and…

Nonconvexity induced by the nonlinear AC power flow equations challenges solution algorithms for AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems. While significant research efforts have focused on reliably computing high-quality OPF solutions, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem, which plays a central role in operating electrical networks is considered. The problem is nonconvex and is in fact NP hard. Therefore, designing efficient algorithms of practical relevance is crucial,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-20 S. Magnússon , P. C. Weeraddana , C. Fischione

Convex relaxations of the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem are essential not only for identifying the globally optimal solution but also for enabling the use of OPF formulations in Bilevel Programming and Mathematical Programs with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lucien Bobo , Andreas Venzke , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is a core building block in electrical transmission system. It seeks the most economical active and reactive generation dispatch to meet demands while satisfying transmission operational limits. It…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Terrence W. K. Mak , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal VanHentenryck

The primary goal of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is to optimize the operation of a power system while meeting the demand and adhering to operational constraints. This paper presents a new approach for AC OPF. First, the approach constructs a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Mohammed N. Khamees , Kai Sun

Managing power grids with the increasing presence of variable renewable energy-based (distributed) generation involves solving high-dimensional optimization tasks at short intervals. Linearizing the AC power flow (PF) constraints is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Yuhao Chen , Manish K. Singh

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) and Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) are fundamental optimization problems in power system operations. ACOPF serves as the physical backbone of grid simulation and real-time operation, enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zeeshan Memon , Yijiang Li , Hongwei Jin , Kibaek Kim , Liang Zhao

Existing algorithms to solve alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) often exploit linear approximations to simplify system models and accelerate computations. In this paper, we improve a recent hierarchical OPF algorithm, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

In this paper, we propose a graph neural network architecture to solve the AC power flow problem under realistic constraints. To ensure a safe and resilient operation of distribution grids, AC power flow calculations are the means of choice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Luis Böttcher , Hinrikus Wolf , Bastian Jung , Philipp Lutat , Marc Trageser , Oliver Pohl , Andreas Ulbig , Martin Grohe

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

The implementation of optimal power flow (OPF) methods to perform voltage and power flow regulation in electric networks is generally believed to require extensive communication. We consider distribution systems with multiple controllable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Roel Dobbe , Oscar Sondermeijer , David Fridovich-Keil , Daniel Arnold , Duncan Callaway , Claire Tomlin

We present a scalable solution method based on an alternating direction method of multipliers and graphics processing units (GPUs) for rapidly computing and tracking a solution of alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem. Such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Youngdae Kim , Kibaek Kim