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We introduce ProofNet, a benchmark for autoformalization and formal proving of undergraduate-level mathematics. The ProofNet benchmarks consists of 371 examples, each consisting of a formal theorem statement in Lean 3, a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Zhangir Azerbayev , Bartosz Piotrowski , Hailey Schoelkopf , Edward W. Ayers , Dragomir Radev , Jeremy Avigad

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Autoformalization, the task of automatically translating natural language descriptions into a formal language, poses a significant challenge across various domains, especially in mathematics. Recent advancements in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Yifan Wu , Zhaoyu Li , Xinming Wei , Xian Zhang , Fan Yang , Xiaoxing Ma

Despite impressive results on curated benchmarks, the practical impact of large language models (LLMs) on research-level neural theorem proving and proof autoformalization is still limited. We introduce RLMEval, an evaluation suite for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Antoine Bosselut , Viktor Kunčak

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical language into formal specifications and proofs remains a difficult task for state-of-the-art (large) language models. Existing works point to competing explanations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Willy Chan , Michael Souliman , Jakob Nordhagen , Brando Miranda , Elyas Obbad , Kai Fronsdal Sanmi Koyejo

Verifying mathematical proofs is difficult, but can be automated with the assistance of a computer. Autoformalization is the task of automatically translating natural language mathematics into a formal language that can be verified by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Nilay Patel , Rahul Saha , Jeffrey Flanigan

As automated reasoning systems advance rapidly, there is a growing need for research-level formal mathematical problems to accurately evaluate their capabilities. To address this, we present Formal Conjectures, an evolving benchmark of…

Autoformalization, the conversion of natural language mathematics into formal languages, offers significant potential for advancing mathematical reasoning. However, existing efforts are limited to formal languages with substantial online…

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to revolutionize autoformalization. The introduction of Lean4, a mathematical programming language, presents an unprecedented opportunity to rigorously assess the autoformalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aryan Gulati , Devanshu Ladsaria , Shubhra Mishra , Jasdeep Sidhu , Brando Miranda

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Autoformalization aims to convert informal mathematical proofs into machine-verifiable formats, bridging the gap between natural and formal languages. However, ensuring semantic alignment between the informal and formalized statements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jianqiao Lu , Yingjia Wan , Yinya Huang , Jing Xiong , Zhengying Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang

Autoformalization aims to translate natural-language mathematical statements into a formal language. While LLMs have accelerated progress in this area, existing methods still suffer from low accuracy. We identify two key abilities for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Yutong Wu , Di Huang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Shijie Shang , Chenrui Cao , Lei Qi , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Jie Yan , Xing Hu

This position paper provides a critical but constructive discussion of current practices in benchmarking and evaluative practices in the field of formal reasoning and automated theorem proving. We take the position that open code, open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao

Reliable autoformalization remains challenging even in the era of large language models (LLMs). The scarcity of high-quality training data is a major bottleneck. Expert annotation requires substantial time and deep expertise in both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Param Biyani , Shashank Kirtania , Yasharth Bajpai , Sumit Gulwani , Ashish Tiwari

Proof autoformalization, the task of translating natural language theorems and proofs into machine-verifiable code, is a critical step for integrating large language models into rigorous mathematical workflows. Current approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rafael Cabral , Tuan Manh Do , Xuejun Yu , Wai Ming Tai , Zijin Feng , Xin Shen

Autoformalization, which translates natural language mathematics into machine-verifiable formal statements, is critical for using formal mathematical reasoning to solve math problems stated in natural language. While Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Guoxin Chen , Jing Wu , Xinjie Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Chengxi Li , Kai Fan , Dayiheng Liu , Minpeng Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for autoformalization. Despite their impressive performance, these models can still struggle to produce grounded and verifiable formalizations. Recent work in text-to-SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hayden Moore , Asfahan Shah

Autoformalization is the process of automatically translating from natural language mathematics to formal specifications and proofs. A successful autoformalization system could advance the fields of formal verification, program synthesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Markus N. Rabe , Charles Staats , Mateja Jamnik , Christian Szegedy

Autoformalization is the task of translating natural language materials into machine-verifiable formalisations. Progress in autoformalization research is hindered by the lack of a sizeable dataset consisting of informal-formal pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik
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