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Human voice encodes both identity and paralinguistic cues, yet encoders in large audio-language models (LALMs) rarely balance both aspects. In this work, we present a study toward building a general-purpose voice encoder that captures…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Mingyue Huo , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Yiwen Shao , Hao Zhang , Dong Yu

Contrastive vision-language models, such as CLIP, have garnered considerable attention for various downstream tasks, mainly due to the remarkable ability of the learned features for generalization. However, the features they learned often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yichao Cai , Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

As online music consumption increasingly shifts towards playlist-based listening, the task of playlist continuation, in which an algorithm suggests songs to extend a playlist in a personalized and musically cohesive manner, has become vital…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rebecca Salganik , Xiaohao Liu , Yunshan Ma , Jian Kang , Tat-Seng Chua

In this work, we aim to analyze and optimize the EnCLAP framework, a state-of-the-art model in automated audio captioning. We investigate the impact of modifying the acoustic encoder components, explore pretraining with different dataset…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Jaeyeon Kim , Minjeon Jeon , Jaeyoon Jung , Sang Hoon Woo , Jinjoo Lee

Contrastively pretrained audio-language models (e.g., CLAP) excel at clip-level understanding but struggle with frame-level tasks. Existing extensions fail to exploit the varying granularity of real-world audio-text data, where massive…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xiquan Li , Xuenan Xu , Ziyang Ma , Wenxi Chen , Haolin He , Qiuqiang Kong , Xie Chen

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) formulates image classification as an image-to-text matching task, i.e., matching images to the corresponding natural language descriptions instead of discrete category IDs. This allows for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shuhuai Ren , Lei Li , Xuancheng Ren , Guangxiang Zhao , Xu Sun

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has emerged as a novel paradigm to learn visual models from language supervision. While researchers continue to push the frontier of CLIP, reproducing these works remains challenging. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Yufeng Cui , Lichen Zhao , Feng Liang , Yangguang Li , Jing Shao

Abusive speech detection is becoming increasingly important as social media shifts towards voice-based interaction, particularly in multilingual and low-resource settings. Most current systems rely on automatic speech recognition (ASR)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Aditya Narayan Sankaran , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) aims to generate natural textual descriptions for input audio signals. Recent progress in audio pre-trained models and large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced audio understanding and textual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Wenxi Chen , Ziyang Ma , Xiquan Li , Xuenan Xu , Yuzhe Liang , Zhisheng Zheng , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Open-vocabulary audio-language models, like CLAP, offer a promising approach for zero-shot audio classification (ZSAC) by enabling classification with any arbitrary set of categories specified with natural language prompts. In this paper,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Sreyan Ghosh , Sonal Kumar , Chandra Kiran Reddy Evuru , Oriol Nieto , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha

Comparative reasoning is a process of comparing objects, concepts, or entities to draw conclusions, which constitutes a fundamental cognitive ability. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to pre-train language models for enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Mengxia Yu , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Meng Jiang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based passage expansion has shown promise for enhancing first-stage retrieval, but often underperforms with dense retrievers due to semantic drift and misalignment with their pretrained semantic space. Beyond…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Huanwei Xu , Lin Xu , Liang Yuan

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training) is a multimodal neural network trained on (text, image) pairs to predict the most relevant text caption given an image. It has been used extensively in image generation by connecting its output…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhouyao Xie , Nikhil Yadala , Xinyi Chen , Jing Xi Liu

Audio-visual zero-shot learning methods commonly build on features extracted from pre-trained models, e.g. video or audio classification models. However, existing benchmarks predate the popularization of large multi-modal models, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 David Kurzendörfer , Otniel-Bogdan Mercea , A. Sophia Koepke , Zeynep Akata

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) achieves strong generalization in vision-language tasks by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space. However, recent findings show that CLIP-like models still underutilize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Weiheng Zhao , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xinggang Wang

Advances in neural modeling have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on public natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks, at times surpassing human performance. However, there is a gap between public benchmarks and real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Asa Cooper Stickland , Sailik Sengupta , Jason Krone , Saab Mansour , He He

Contrastive cross-modal models such as CLIP and CLAP aid various vision-language (VL) and audio-language (AL) tasks. However, there has been limited investigation of and improvement in their language encoder, which is the central component…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mengjie Zhao , Junya Ono , Zhi Zhong , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Takashi Shibuya , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji

We propose Wav2CLIP, a robust audio representation learning method by distilling from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP). We systematically evaluate Wav2CLIP on a variety of audio tasks including classification, retrieval, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Ho-Hsiang Wu , Prem Seetharaman , Kundan Kumar , Juan Pablo Bello

This paper proposes a method for unsupervised anomalous sound detection (UASD) and captioning the reason for detection. While there is a method that captions the difference between given normal and anomalous sound pairs, it is assumed to be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Ryoya Ogura , Tomoya Nishida , Yohei Kawaguchi

Deriving multimodal representations of audio and lexical inputs is a central problem in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In this paper, we present Contrastive Aligned Audio-Language Multirate and Multimodal Representations (CALM), an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-09 Vin Sachidananda , Shao-Yen Tseng , Erik Marchi , Sachin Kajarekar , Panayiotis Georgiou