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Open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding is indispensable for embodied agents. Recent works leverage pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) for object segmentation and project them to point clouds to build 3D maps. Despite progress, a point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zhigang Wang , Yifei Su , Chenhui Li , Dong Wang , Yan Huang , Bin Zhao , Xuelong Li

Open-vocabulary 3D visual grounding and reasoning aim to localize objects in a scene based on implicit language descriptions, even when they are occluded. This ability is crucial for tasks such as vision-language navigation and autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Zhenyang Liu , Yikai Wang , Sixiao Zheng , Tongying Pan , Longfei Liang , Yanwei Fu , Xiangyang Xue

Novel view synthesis has seen significant advancements with 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), enabling real-time photorealistic rendering. However, the inherent fuzziness of Gaussian Splatting presents challenges for 3D scene understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Abdalla Arafa , Didier Stricker

Understanding how people interact with their surroundings and each other is essential for enabling robots to act in socially compliant and context-aware ways. While 3D Scene Graphs have emerged as a powerful semantic representation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ermanno Bartoli , Dennis Rotondi , Buwei He , Patric Jensfelt , Kai O. Arras , Iolanda Leite

We propose associating language utterances to 3D visual abstractions of the scene they describe. The 3D visual abstractions are encoded as 3-dimensional visual feature maps. We infer these 3D visual scene feature maps from RGB images of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mihir Prabhudesai , Hsiao-Yu Fish Tung , Syed Ashar Javed , Maximilian Sieb , Adam W. Harley , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Visual question answering is concerned with answering free-form questions about an image. Since it requires a deep linguistic understanding of the question and the ability to associate it with various objects that are present in the image,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Marcel Hildebrandt , Hang Li , Rajat Koner , Volker Tresp , Stephan Günnemann

3D scene understanding spans reasoning about free space, object grounding, hypothetical object insertions, complex geometric relationships, and integrating all of these with external tools and data sources. Existing 3D understanding methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sagar Bharadwaj , Ziyong Ma , Anurag Ghosh , Srinivasan Seshan , Anthony Rowe

3D visual grounding (3DVG) identifies objects in 3D scenes from language descriptions. Existing zero-shot approaches leverage 2D vision-language models (VLMs) by converting 3D spatial information (SI) into forms amenable to VLM processing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yuanyuan Liu , Haiyang Mei , Dongyang Zhan , Jiayue Zhao , Dongsheng Zhou , Bo Dong , Xin Yang

Embodied scene understanding requires not only comprehending visual-spatial information that has been observed but also determining where to explore next in the 3D physical world. Existing 3D Vision-Language (3D-VL) models primarily focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ziyu Zhu , Xilin Wang , Yixuan Li , Zhuofan Zhang , Xiaojian Ma , Yixin Chen , Baoxiong Jia , Wei Liang , Qian Yu , Zhidong Deng , Siyuan Huang , Qing Li

Environment representations endowed with sophisticated semantics are pivotal for facilitating seamless interaction between robots and humans, enabling them to effectively carry out various tasks. Open-vocabulary maps, powered by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yinan Deng , Jiahui Wang , Jingyu Zhao , Xinyu Tian , Guangyan Chen , Yi Yang , Yufeng Yue

We introduce a novel problem, i.e., the localization of an input image within a multi-modal reference map represented by a database of 3D scene graphs. These graphs comprise multiple modalities, including object-level point clouds, images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yang Miao , Francis Engelmann , Olga Vysotska , Federico Tombari , Marc Pollefeys , Dániel Béla Baráth

Target localization is a prerequisite for embodied tasks such as navigation and manipulation. Conventional approaches rely on constructing explicit 3D scene representations to enable target localization, such as point clouds, voxel grids,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rui Zhou , Xander Yap , Jianwen Cao , Allison Lau , Boyang Sun , Marc Pollefeys

Visual grounding is a task to ground referring expressions in images, e.g., localize "the white truck in front of the yellow one". To resolve this task fundamentally, the model should first find out the contextual objects (e.g., the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Daqing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Meng Wang , Qianru Sun

Open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding presents a significant challenge in the field. Recent works have sought to transfer knowledge embedded in vision-language models from 2D to 3D domains. However, these approaches often require prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Hanchen Tai , Qingdong He , Jiangning Zhang , Yijie Qian , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiaobin Hu , Xiangtai Li , Yabiao Wang , Yong Liu

Robotic tasks such as planning and navigation require a hierarchical semantic understanding of a scene, which could include multiple floors and rooms. Current methods primarily focus on object segmentation for 3D scene understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yash Mehan , Kumaraditya Gupta , Rohit Jayanti , Anirudh Govil , Sourav Garg , Madhava Krishna

Open-vocabulary scene understanding is crucial for robotic applications, enabling robots to comprehend complex 3D environmental contexts and supporting various downstream tasks such as navigation and manipulation. However, existing methods…

Recent advancements in 3D Gaussian Splatting(3DGS) have significantly improved semantic scene understanding, enabling natural language queries to localize objects within a scene. However, existing methods primarily focus on embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xihan Wang , Dianyi Yang , Yu Gao , Yufeng Yue , Yi Yang , Mengyin Fu

In this paper, we present a novel, scalable approach for constructing open set, instance-level 3D scene representations, advancing open world understanding of 3D environments. Existing methods require pre-constructed 3D scenes and face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Rafay Mohiuddin , Sai Manoj Prakhya , Fiona Collins , Ziyuan Liu , André Borrmann

We introduce the task of localizing a flexible number of objects in real-world 3D scenes using natural language descriptions. Existing 3D visual grounding tasks focus on localizing a unique object given a text description. However, such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yiming Zhang , ZeMing Gong , Angel X. Chang

Open-world instance-level scene understanding aims to locate and recognize unseen object categories that are not present in the annotated dataset. This task is challenging because the model needs to both localize novel 3D objects and infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Runyu Ding , Jihan Yang , Chuhui Xue , Wenqing Zhang , Song Bai , Xiaojuan Qi