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The adaptability of soft robots makes them ideal candidates to maneuver through unstructured environments. However, locomotion challenges arise due to complexities in modeling the body mechanics, actuation, and robot-environment dynamics.…

In this paper, we aim to improve the robustness of dynamic quadrupedal locomotion through two aspects: 1) fast model predictive foothold planning, and 2) applying LQR to projected inverse dynamic control for robust motion tracking. In our…

We present a new open-source torque-controlled legged robot system, with a low-cost and low-complexity actuator module at its core. It consists of a high-torque brushless DC motor and a low-gear-ratio transmission suitable for impedance and…

In this paper, we propose a footstep planning strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) that enables robust regulation of body orientation against undesired body rotations by optimizing footstep placement. Model-based locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Byeong-Il Ham , Hyun-Bin Kim , Jeonguk Kang , Keun Ha Choi , Kyung-Soo Kim

Miniature-legged robots are constrained by their onboard computation and control, thus motivating the need for simple, first-principles-based geometric models that connect \emph{periodic actuation or gaits} (a universal robot control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Hari Krishna Hari Prasad , Ross L. Hatton , Kaushik Jayaram

Electric quadruped robots used in outdoor exploration are susceptible to leg-related electrical or mechanical failures. Unexpected joint power loss and joint locking can immediately pose a falling threat. Typically, controllers lack the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Taixian Hou , Jiaxin Tu , Xiaofei Gao , Zhiyan Dong , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant strides in legged robot control, enabling locomotion across diverse terrains and complex loco-manipulation capabilities. However, the commonly used position or velocity tracking-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Botian Xu , Haoyang Weng , Qingzhou Lu , Yang Gao , Huazhe Xu

Controlling contact forces during interactions is critical for locomotion and manipulation tasks. While sim-to-real reinforcement learning (RL) has succeeded in many contact-rich problems, current RL methods achieve forceful interactions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Tifanny Portela , Gabriel B. Margolis , Yandong Ji , Pulkit Agrawal

Quadruped robots are proliferating in industrial environments where they carry sensor payloads and serve as autonomous inspection platforms. Despite the advantages of legged robots over their wheeled counterparts on rough and uneven…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Dylan Vogel , Robert Baines , Joseph Church , Julian Lotzer , Karl Werner , Marco Hutter

Like mammals, robots must rapidly learn to control their bodies and interact with their environment despite incomplete knowledge of their body structure and surroundings. They must also adapt to continuous changes in both. This work…

This letter presents contact-safe Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) for robot applications that achieves contact-safe behaviors in the learning process. In typical MBRL, we cannot expect the data-driven model to generate accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Cheng-Yu Kuo , Andreas Schaarschmidt , Yunduan Cui , Tamim Asfour , Takamitsu Matsubara

Soft robots can execute tasks with safer interactions. However, control techniques that can effectively exploit the systems' capabilities are still missing. Differential dynamic programming (DDP) has emerged as a promising tool for…

Snake robots, comprised of sequentially connected joint actuators, have recently gained increasing attention in the industrial field, like life detection in narrow space. Such robots can navigate through the complex environment via the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Yilang Liu , Amir Barati Farimani

Quadrupedal animals employ diverse galloping strategies to optimize speed, stability, and energy efficiency. However, the biomechanical mechanisms that enable adaptive gait transitions during high-speed locomotion under load remain poorly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Jiayu Ding , Benjamin Seleb , Heather J. Huson , Saad Bhamla , Zhenyu Gan

In this paper, a reinforced soft robot prototype with a custom-designed actuator-space string encoder are created to investigate dynamic soft robotic trajectory tracking. The soft robot prototype embedded with the proposed adaptive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Milad Azizkhani , Anthony L. Gunderman , Isuru S. Godage , Yue Chen

The hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) approach has become a powerful tool for the gait planning and control of bipedal robots. This paper aims to extend the HZD methods to address walking, ambling and trotting behaviors on a quadrupedal robot. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wen-Loong Ma , Kaveh Akbari Hamed , Aaron D. Ames

Dynamic quadrupedal locomotion over rough terrains reveals remarkable progress over the last few decades. Small-scale quadruped robots are adequately flexible and adaptable to traverse uneven terrains along sagittal direction, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Hongwu Zhu , Dong Wang , Nathan Boyd , Ziyi Zhou , Lecheng Ruan , Aidong Zhang , Ning Ding , Ye Zhao , Jianwen Luo

In reinforcement learning for legged robot locomotion, crafting effective reward strategies is crucial. Pre-defined gait patterns and complex reward systems are widely used to stabilize policy training. Drawing from the natural locomotion…

The complexities in the dynamic model of the legged robots make it necessary to utilize model-free controllers in the task of trajectory tracking. In This paper, an adaptive transpose Jacobian approach is proposed to deal with the dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hossein Shojaei , Hamid Rahmanei , Seyed Hossein Sadati

This paper presents a novel approach that combines the advantages of both model-based and learning-based frameworks to achieve robust locomotion. The residual modules are integrated with each corresponding part of the model-based framework,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Min-Gyu Kim , Dongyun Kang , Hajun Kim , Hae-Won Park