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We quantify the representational power of matrix product states (MPS) for entangled qubit systems by giving polynomial expressions in a pure quantum state's amplitudes which hold if and only if the state is a translation invariant matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-11 Andrew Critch , Jason Morton

Trading fidelity for scale enables approximate classical simulators such as matrix product states (MPS) to run quantum circuits beyond exact methods. A control parameter, the so-called bond dimension $\chi$ for MPS, governs the allocated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Maxime Dupont , Nicolas Didier , Mark J. Hodson , Joel E. Moore , Matthew J. Reagor

Quantum computing is finding promising applications in optimization, machine learning and physics, leading to the development of various models for representing quantum information. Because these representations are often studied in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-03 Lieuwe Vinkhuijzen , Tim Coopmans , Alfons Laarman

We investigate optimal encoding and retrieval of digital data, when the storage/communication medium is described by quantum mechanics. We assume an m-ary alphabet with arbitrary prior distribution, and an n-dimensional quantum system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Noam Elron , Yonina C. Eldar

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

This paper introduces matrix product state (MPS) decomposition as a new and systematic method to compress multidimensional data represented by higher-order tensors. It solves two major bottlenecks in tensor compression: computation and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-02 Johann A. Bengua , Ho N. Phien , Hoang D. Tuan , Minh N. Do

Quantum neural networks (QNNs), as currently formulated, are near-term quantum machine learning architectures that leverage parameterized quantum circuits with the aim of improving upon the performance of their classical counterparts. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Marco Maronese , Francesco Ferrari , Matteo Vandelli , Daniele Dragoni

Systems of correlated quantum matter can be a steep challenge to any would-be method of solution. Matrix-product state (MPS)-based methods can describe 1D systems quasiexactly, but often struggle to retain sufficient bipartite entanglement…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-11-04 Gunnar Bollmark , Sam Mardazad , Johannes S. Hofmann , Adrian Kantian

Preparing arbitrary quantum states requires exponential resources. Matrix Product States (MPS) admit more efficient constructions, particularly when accuracy is traded for circuit complexity. Existing approaches to MPS preparation mostly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Tomasz Szołdra , Rick Mukherjee , Peter Schmelcher

Matrix product states (MPS) are a central language for one-dimensional quantum matter and a practical target for near-term quantum simulators and variational algorithms. Yet, while substantial effort has focused on preparing MPS with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hyunho Cha , Subin Kim , Jungwoo Lee

Matrix product states provide a natural entanglement basis to represent a quantum register and operate quantum gates on it. This scheme can be materialized to simulate a quantum adiabatic algorithm solving hard instances of a NP-Complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. C. Banuls , R. Orus , J. I. Latorre , A. Perez , P. Ruiz-Femenia

Matrix Product States (MPS), also known as Tensor Train (TT) decomposition in mathematics, has been proposed originally for describing an (especially one-dimensional) quantum system, and recently has found applications in various…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-14 Zhuan Li , Pan Zhang

Embedding high-dimensional data into resource-limited quantum devices remains a significant challenge for practical quantum machine learning. In multimodal face anti-spoofing, while linear compression methods such as principal component…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Wanqi Sun , Jungang Xu , Chenghua Duan

Matrix-product states (MPS) have proven to be a versatile ansatz for modeling quantum many-body physics. For many applications, and particularly in one-dimension, they capture relevant quantum correlations in many-body wavefunctions while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Joshua B. Moore , Hugo P. Stackhouse , Ben D. Fulcher , Sahand Mahmoodian

As the most central and computationally intensive component of deep neural networks, the execution efficiency of matrix multiplication directly determines the training and inference performance of models. Harnessing the parallel processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Jiaqi Yao , Tianjian Huang , Zipeng Cai , Ding Liu

Characters of irreducible representations are ubiquitous in group theory. However, computing characters of some groups such as the symmetric group $S_n$ is a challenging problem known to be $\#P$-hard in the worst case. Here we describe a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Vojtech Havlicek , Louis Schatzki

Matrix product state has become the algorithm of choice when studying one-dimensional interacting quantum many-body systems, which demonstrates to be able to explore the most relevant portion of the exponentially large quantum Hilbert space…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-22 Xiao Shi , Yun Shang , Chu Guo

Quantum computing is arguably one of the most revolutionary and disruptive technologies of this century. Due to the ever-increasing number of potential applications as well as the continuing rise in complexity, the development, simulation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Patrick Gelß , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Knebel , Zarin Shakibaei , Sebastian Pokutta

Solving quantum many-body systems is one of the most significant regimes where quantum computing applies. Currently, as a hardware-friendly computational paradigms, variational algorithms are often used for finding the ground energy of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Yong Liu , Guangyao Huang , Yizhi Wang , Junjie Wu

The rapid pace of recent advancements in numerical computation, notably the rise of GPU and TPU hardware accelerators, have allowed tensor network (TN) algorithms to scale to even larger quantum simulation problems, and to be employed more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Manuel S. Rudolph , Jing Chen , Jacob Miller , Atithi Acharya , Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz