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The pitfalls of centralized social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter/X, have led to concerns about control, transparency, and accountability. Decentralized social networks have emerged as a result with the goal of empowering users.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Leonhard Balduf , Saidu Sokoto , Onur Ascigil , Gareth Tyson , Björn Scheuermann , Maciej Korczyński , Ignacio Castro , Michał Król

Decentralized online social networks have evolved from experimental stages to operating at unprecedented scale, with broader adoption and more active use than ever before. Platforms like Mastodon, Bluesky, Hive, and Nostr have seen notable…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ujun Jeong , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kathleen M. Carley , Huan Liu

The overreaches of mainstream social media platforms have been extensively reported and studied. For activist communities, these platforms pose risks of surveillance, censorship, or erasure. Decentralized social networks (DSNs) serve as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sybille Légitime , Harini Suresh

Middleware, third-party software intermediaries between users and platforms, has been broached as a means to decentralize the power of social media platforms and enhance user agency. Middleware may enable a more user-centric and democratic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Luke Hogg , Renée DiResta , Francis Fukuyama , Richard Reisman , Daphne Keller , Aviv Ovadya , Luke Thorburn , Jonathan Stray , Shubhi Mathur

Many have criticized the centralized and unaccountable governance of prominent online social platforms, leading to renewed interest in platform governance that incorporates multiple centers of power. Decentralization of power can arise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Shagun Jhaver , Seth Frey , Amy Zhang

Mainstream social media platforms function as "walled garden" ecosystems that restrict user agency, control, and data portability. They have demonstrated a lack of transparency that contributes to a multitude of online harms. Our research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Aditya Surve , Aneesh Shamraj , Swapneel Mehta

Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs) represent a growing trend in the social media landscape, as opposed to the well-known centralized peers, which are often in the spotlight due to privacy concerns and a vision typically focused on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Lucio La Cava , Andrea Tagarelli

The decentralized architecture of Internet sparkled techno-utopian visions of a virtual freedom space for humanity. Peer-to-peer systems, collaborative creation (wikipedia), open source software (Linux), universal shared knowledge, and the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Pedro Garcia Lopez

Decentralized architecture offers a robust and flexible structure for online platforms, since centralized moderation and computation can be easy to disrupt with targeted attacks. However, a platform offering a decentralized architecture…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Milo Z. Trujillo , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , James Bagrow

Moderation and blocking behavior, both closely related to the mitigation of abuse and misinformation on social platforms, are fundamental mechanisms for maintaining healthy online communities. However, while centralized platforms typically…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Carlo Bono , Nick Liu , Giuseppe Russo , Francesco Pierri

As centralized social media platforms face growing concerns, more users are seeking greater control over their social feeds and turning to decentralized alternatives such as Mastodon. The decentralized nature of Mastodon creates unique…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yuhan Liu , Emmy Song , Owen Xingjian Zhang , Jewel Merriman , Lei Zhang , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

Decentralized social media protocols enable users in independent, user-hosted servers (i.e., instances) to interact with each other while they self-govern. This community-based model of social media governance opens up new opportunities for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sohyeon Hwang , Priyanka Nanayakkara , Yan Shvartzshnaider

Digital public health monitoring has long relied on data from major social media platforms. Twitter was once an indispensable resource for tracking disease outbreaks and public sentiment in real time. Researchers used Twitter to monitor…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-05 Marcel Salathé , Sharada P. Mohanty

The Decentralised Web (DW) has recently seen a renewed momentum, with a number of DW platforms like Mastodon, Peer-Tube, and Hubzilla gaining increasing traction. These offer alternatives to traditional social networks like Twitter,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Aravindh Raman , Sagar Joglekar , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Nishanth Sastry , Gareth Tyson

Centralized social networks have experienced a transformative impact on our digital era communication, connection, and information-sharing information. However, it has also raised significant concerns regarding users' privacy and individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Quang Cao , Katerina Vgena , Aikaterini-Georgia Mavroeidi , Christos Kalloniatis , Xun Yi , Son Hoang Dau

Web 3.0 focuses on the decentralization of the internet and creating a system of interconnected and independent computers for improved privacy and security. We extend the idea of the decentralization of the web to the social media space:…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Samantha C. Phillips , Kathleen M. Carley

Community-level blocklists are key to content moderation practices in decentralized social media. These blocklists enable moderators to prevent other communities, such as those acting in bad faith, from interacting with their own -- and, if…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Owen Xingjian Zhang , Sohyeon Hwang , Yuhan Liu , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

Conventional online social networks (OSNs) are implemented in a centralized manner. Although centralization is a convenient way for implementing OSNs, it has several well known drawbacks. Chief among them are the risks they pose to the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Zhe Wang , Naftaly H. Minsky

Online discourse takes place in corporate-controlled spaces thought by users to be public realms. These platforms in name enable free speech but in practice implement varying degrees of censorship either by government edict or by uneven and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Jay Chen , Barath Raghavan , Paul Schmitt , Tai Liu

Network centrality plays an important role in many applications. Central nodes in social networks can be influential, driving opinions and spreading news or rumors.In hyperlinked environments, such as the Web, where users navigate via…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Sourav Medya , Arlei Silva , Ambuj Singh , Prithwish Basu , Ananthram Swami
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