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Skin effect, experimentally discovered in one dimension, describes the physical phenomenon that on an open chain, an extensive number of eigenstates of a non-Hermitian hamiltonian are localized at the end(s) of the chain. Here in two and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Kai Zhang , Zhesen Yang , Chen Fang

The concept of non-Hermiticity has expanded the understanding of band topology leading to the emergence of counter-intuitive phenomena. One example is the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), which involves the concentration of eigenstates at…

The non-Hermitian skin effect is fundamentally characterized by its sensitivity to boundary conditions, reflected in changes to the energy spectrum and boundary-localized eigenstates. Here, we demonstrate that a spatially inhomogeneous…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Zheng Wei , Ji-Yao Fan , Kui Cao , Xin-Ran Ma , Cui-Xian Guo , Xue-Ping Ren , Su-Peng Kou

Non-Hermitian skin effect, the localization of an extensive number of eigenstates at the ends of the system, has greatly expanded the frontier of physical laws. It has long been believed that the present of skin modes is equivalent to the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-17 Gang-Feng Guo , Xi-Xi Bao , Han-Jie Zhu , Xiao-Ming Zhao , Lin Zhuang , Lei Tan , Wu-Ming Liu

The non-Hermitian skin effect is a unique feature of non-Hermitian systems, in which an extensive number of boundary modes appear under the open boundary conditions. Here, we discover higher-order counterparts of the non-Hermitian skin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Kohei Kawabata , Masatoshi Sato , Ken Shiozaki

Metamaterials have unlocked unprecedented control over light by leveraging novel mechanisms to expand their functionality. Non-Hermitian physics further enhances the tunability of non-Hermitian metamaterials (NHMs) through phenomena such as…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mingyang Li , Jing Lin , Kun Ding

Hermitian theories play a major role in understanding the physics of most phenomena. It has been found only in the past decade that non-Hermiticity enables unprecedented effects such as exceptional points, spectral singularities and bulk…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Xiujuan Zhang , Yuan Tian , Jian-Hua Jiang , Ming-Hui Lu , Yan-Feng Chen

The non-Hermitian skin effect is an iconic phenomenon characterized by the aggregation of eigenstates near the system boundaries in non-Hermitian systems. While extensively studied in one dimension, understanding the skin effect and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Haiping Hu

The skin effect has been discovered in non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems where all the eigenstates have their amplitudes concentrating to the open boundaries of the systems and decaying exponentially into the bulk. Later, certain open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Ziheng Zhou , Zhenhua Yu

We consider conditions for the existence of boundary modes in non-Hermitian systems with edges of arbitrary co-dimension. Through a universal formulation of formation criteria for boundary modes in terms of local Green functions, we outline…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Dan S. Borgnia , Alex Jura Kruchkov , Robert-Jan Slager

The non-Hermitian skin effect is nonreciprocity-induced localization phenomena in which a macroscopic number of eigenstates accumulate anomalously at the boundary, accompanied by the extreme sensitivity to boundary conditions. Here, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Ken-Ichiro Imura , Kohei Kawabata

In this paper, we establish an effective edge theory to characterize non-Hermitian edge-skin modes in higher dimensions. We begin by proposing a bulk projection criterion to straightforwardly identify the localized edges of skin modes.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Kai Zhang , Zhesen Yang , Kai Sun

Systems with non-Hermitian skin effects are very sensitive to the imposed boundary conditions and lattice size, and thus an important question is whether non-Hermitian skin effects can survive when deviating from the open boundary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Cui-Xian Guo , Chun-Hui Liu , Xiao-Ming Zhao , Yanxia Liu , Shu Chen

Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit extraordinary boundary behaviors, known as the non-Hermitian skin effects, where all the eigenstates are localized exponentially at one side of lattice model. To give a full understanding and control of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Xintong Zhang , Xiaoxiao Song , Shubo Zhang , Tengfei Zhang , Yuanjie Liao , Xinyi Cai , Jing Li

The non-Hermitian skin effect is a distinctive phenomenon in non-Hermitian systems, which manifests as the anomalous localization of bulk states at the boundary. To understand the physical origin of the non-Hermitian skin effect, a bulk…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Tuo Wan , Kai Zhang , Junkai Li , Zhesen Yang , Zhaoju Yang

Non-Hermitian lattices can host the non-Hermitian skin effect, a boundary-induced collapse of all bulk eigenstates into exponentially localized edge modes. This effect underlies anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence and remarkable…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-19 Rohith Srikanth , Sashank Kaushik Sridhar , Avik Dutt

We characterise non-Hermitian Fabry-P\'erot resonances in high-contrast resonator systems and study the properties of their associated resonant modes from continuous differential models. We consider two non-Hermitian effects: the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Habib Ammari , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen , Bowen Li , Ping Liu , Jiayu Qiu , Yingjie Shao , Alexander Uhlmann

A unique feature of non-Hermitian systems is the skin effect, which is the extreme sensitivity to the boundary conditions. Here, we reveal that the skin effect originates from intrinsic non-Hermitian topology. Such a topological origin not…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Nobuyuki Okuma , Kohei Kawabata , Ken Shiozaki , Masatoshi Sato

Non-Hermiticity enables macroscopic accumulation of bulk states, named non-Hermitian skin effects. The non-Hermitian skin effects are well-established for single-particle systems, but their proper characterization for general systems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Kenji Shimomura , Masatoshi Sato

Solids built out of active components can exhibit non-reciprocal elastic coefficients that give rise to non-Hermitian wave phenomena. Here, we investigate non-Hermitian effects present at the boundary of two-dimensional active elastic media…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-16 Colin Scheibner , William T. M. Irvine , Vincenzo Vitelli
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