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Related papers: Sparse Binarization for Fast Keyword Spotting

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in designing small-footprint yet effective Connectionist Temporal Classification based keyword spotting (CTC-KWS) systems. They are typically deployed on low-resource computing platforms,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Hao Li , Jiaqi Guo , Xu Li , Wen Ding , Kai Yu

Keyword spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction and gradually becomes an indispensable component of smart devices. Recently, end-to-end (E2E) methods have become the most popular approach for on-device KWS tasks. However, there…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Jie Wang , Menglong Xu , Jingyong Hou , Binbin Zhang , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Lei Xie , Fuping Pan

Voice assistants are now widely available, and to activate them a keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm is used. Modern KWS systems are mainly trained using supervised learning methods and require a large amount of labelled data to achieve a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-28 Jacob Mørk , Holger Severin Bovbjerg , Gergely Kiss , Zheng-Hua Tan

User-defined keyword spotting (KWS) is crucial for personalized voice interaction, yet existing methods face several challenges: (1) insufficient discriminability among confusable words, (2) performance inconsistency across speakers with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Shiyi Mu , Xinnuo Li , Yongjin Zhou , Shugong Xu

Despite the recent successes of deep neural networks, it remains challenging to achieve high precision keyword spotting task (KWS) on resource-constrained devices. In this study, we propose a novel context-aware and compact architecture for…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Xi Chen , Shouyi Yin , Dandan Song , Peng Ouyang , Leibo Liu , Shaojun Wei

A keyword spotting (KWS) system determines the existence of, usually predefined, keyword in a continuous speech stream. This paper presents a query-by-example on-device KWS system which is user-specific. The proposed system consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Byeonggeun Kim , Mingu Lee , Jinkyu Lee , Yeonseok Kim , Kyuwoong Hwang

In this paper, we propose DS-KWS, a two-stage framework for robust user-defined keyword spotting. It combines a CTC-based method with a streaming phoneme search module to locate candidate segments, followed by a QbyT-based method with a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Yuxin Wang , Shiyi Mu , Shugong Xu , Yongjin Zhou

The currently most prominent algorithm to train keyword spotting (KWS) models with deep neural networks (DNNs) requires strong supervision i.e., precise knowledge of the spoken keyword location in time. Thus, most KWS approaches treat the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Heinrich Dinkel , Weiji Zhuang , Zhiyong Yan , Yongqing Wang , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

The goal of this work is to automatically determine whether and when a word of interest is spoken by a talking face, with or without the audio. We propose a zero-shot method suitable for in the wild videos. Our key contributions are: (1) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Liliane Momeni , Triantafyllos Afouras , Themos Stafylakis , Samuel Albanie , Andrew Zisserman

Keyword spotting (KWS) constitutes a major component of human-technology interfaces. Maximizing the detection accuracy at a low false alarm (FA) rate, while minimizing the footprint size, latency and complexity are the goals for KWS.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Sercan O. Arik , Markus Kliegl , Rewon Child , Joel Hestness , Andrew Gibiansky , Chris Fougner , Ryan Prenger , Adam Coates

Speech recognition is a sequence prediction problem. Besides employing various deep learning approaches for framelevel classification, sequence-level discriminative training has been proved to be indispensable to achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Zhehuai Chen , Yanmin Qian , Kai Yu

Smart audio devices are gated by an always-on lightweight keyword spotting program to reduce power consumption. It is however challenging to design models that have both high accuracy and low latency for accurate and fast responsiveness.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Bo Zhang , Wenfeng Li , Qingyuan Li , Weiji Zhuang , Xiangxiang Chu , Yujun Wang

The goal of this work is to detect new spoken terms defined by users. While most previous works address Keyword Spotting (KWS) as a closed-set classification problem, this limits their transferability to unseen terms. The ability to define…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Jaemin Jung , Youkyum Kim , Jihwan Park , Youshin Lim , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Youngjoon Jang , Joon Son Chung

The performance of the keyword spotting (KWS) system based on audio modality, commonly measured in false alarms and false rejects, degrades significantly under the far field and noisy conditions. Therefore, audio-visual keyword spotting,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ao Zhang , He Wang , Pengcheng Guo , Yihui Fu , Lei Xie , Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Junlan Feng

In this paper, we present a novel approach to adapt a sequence-to-sequence Transformer-Transducer ASR system to the keyword spotting (KWS) task. We achieve this by replacing the keyword in the text transcription with a special token <kw>…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Beltrán Labrador , Guanlong Zhao , Ignacio López Moreno , Angelo Scorza Scarpati , Liam Fowl , Quan Wang

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a core human-machine-interaction front-end task for most modern intelligent assistants. Recently, a unified (UniKW-AT) framework has been proposed that adds additional capabilities in the form of audio tagging (AT)…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Heinrich Dinkel , Yongqing Wang , Zhiyong Yan , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

Keyword spotting (KWS) plays an essential role in enabling speech-based user interaction on smart devices, and conventional KWS (C-KWS) approaches have concentrated on detecting user-agnostic pre-defined keywords. However, in practice, most…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Inseop Chung , Simyung Chang

Few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) models usually require large-scale annotated datasets to generalize to unseen target keywords. However, existing KWS datasets are limited in scale and gathering keyword-like labeled data is costly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Despite their great performance over the years, handcrafted speech features are not necessarily optimal for any particular speech application. Consequently, with greater or lesser success, optimal filterbank learning has been studied for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jesper Jensen

Keyword Spotting (KWS) is an essential component in a smart device for alerting the system when a user prompts it with a command. As these devices are typically constrained by computational and energy resources, the KWS model should be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-24 Donghyeon Kim , Kyungdeuk Ko , David K. Han , Hanseok Ko