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Despite the remarkable reasoning performance, eliciting the long chain-of-thought (CoT) ability in large language models (LLMs) typically requires costly reinforcement learning or supervised fine-tuning on high-quality distilled data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zekai Zhao , Qi Liu , Kun Zhou , Zihan Liu , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

As knowledge and semantics on the web grow increasingly complex, enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs)' comprehension and reasoning capabilities has become particularly important. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ke Chen , Jiandian Zeng , Zihao Peng , Guo Li , Guangxue Zhang , Tian Wang

This study investigates the internal information flow of large language models (LLMs) while performing chain-of-thought (CoT) style reasoning. Specifically, with a particular interest in the faithfulness of the CoT explanation to LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keito Kudo , Yoichi Aoki , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Ana Brassard , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Despite the recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) and their high performances across numerous benchmarks, recent research has unveiled that LLMs suffer from hallucinations and unfaithful reasoning. This work studies a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Fei Wang , Xingyu Fu , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

While Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting approaches have significantly consolidated the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they still face limitations that require extensive human effort or have performance needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kangyang Luo , Zichen Ding , Zhenmin Weng , Lingfeng Qiao , Meng Zhao , Xiang Li , Di Yin , Jinlong Shu

Generating a Chain of Thought (CoT) has been shown to consistently improve large language model (LLM) performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. However, prior work has mainly focused on logical reasoning tasks (e.g. arithmetic, commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Omar Shaikh , Hongxin Zhang , William Held , Michael Bernstein , Diyi Yang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs), especially Large Reasoning Models, can generate Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning traces to illustrate how they produce final outputs, thereby facilitating trust calibration for users. However, these CoT…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shiwei Chen , Niruthikka Sritharan , Xiaolin Wen , Chenxi Zhang , Xingbo Wang , Yong Wang

While Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly improves Large Language Models (LLMs) performance on complex reasoning tasks, the substantial computational and memory costs of generating long CoT sequences limit their efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liang Zhang , Yu Zhao , Longyue Wang , Tianqi Shi , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jinsong Su

It has been shown that the chain of thought (CoT) can enhance the power of large language models (LLMs) to solve certain mathematical reasoning problems. However, the capacity of CoT is still not fully explored. As an important instance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Lijia Yu , Xiao-Shan Gao , Lijun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, which provide step-by-step reasoning to derive final answers, benefit LLMs in both inference and training. Incorporating rationales, either by generating them before answering during inference, or by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wenhang Shi , Shuqing Bian , Yiren Chen , Xinyi Zhang , Zhe Zhao , Pengfei Hu , Wei Lu , Xiaoyong Du

The chain-of-though (CoT) prompting methods were successful in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks thanks to their ability to unveil the underlying complex reasoning processes. Such reasoning processes typically exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ziqi Jin , Wei Lu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a key technique for eliciting complex reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Although interpretable, its dependence on natural language limits the model's expressive bandwidth. Continuous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sharan Ramjee

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to enhance the multi-step reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, debates persist about whether LLMs exhibit abstract generalization or rely on shallow heuristics when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Akshara Prabhakar , Thomas L. Griffiths , R. Thomas McCoy

With the rapid advancement of large reasoning models, long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has demonstrated strong performance on complex tasks. However, this often comes with a significant increase in token usage. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ruiqi Zhang , Changyi Xiao , Yixin Cao

Reasoning capabilities of large language models are primarily studied for English, even when pretrained models are multilingual. In this work, we investigate to what extent English reasoning finetuning with long chain-of-thoughts (CoTs) can…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved commendable accomplishments in various natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs still encounter significant challenges when dealing with complex scenarios involving multiple entities. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Tianyu Du , Jianwei Yin , Weihao Liu , Xuhong Zhang

In the era of large-scale artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing. However, they often lack transparency and generate unreliable outputs, raising concerns about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhenke Duan , Jiqun Pan , Jiani Tu , Xiaoyi Wang , Yanqing Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially when combined with reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training methods. While longer reasoning traces can improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Ming Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

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