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One of the challenges for Tiny Machine Learning (tinyML) is keeping up with the evolution of Machine Learning models from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers. We address this by leveraging a heterogeneous architectural template…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Philip Wiese , Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Luka Macan , Victor J. B. Jung , Alessio Burrello , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted attention for their event-driven characteristics and high energy efficiency. However, the temporal dependency and irregularity of spikes present significant challenges for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Kainan Wang , Chengyi Yang , Chengting Yu , Yee Sin Ang , Bo Wang , Aili Wang

Energy harvesting (EH) IoT devices that operate intermittently without batteries, coupled with advances in deep neural networks (DNNs), have opened up new opportunities for enabling sustainable smart applications. Nevertheless, implementing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Sahidul Islam , Jieren Deng , Shanglin Zhou , Chen Pan , Caiwen Ding , Mimi Xie

With their high energy efficiency, processing-in-memory (PIM) arrays are increasingly used for convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. In PIM-based CNN inference, the computational latency and energy are dependent on how the CNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Johnny Rhe , Sungmin Moon , Jong Hwan Ko

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a pivotal direction for accelerating workloads in the field of machine learning, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, the effective exploitation of sparsity in CIM systems presents numerous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yingjie Qi , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Cenlin Duan , Xiaolin He , Ziyan He , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

The use of low numerical precision is a fundamental optimization included in modern accelerators for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The number of bits of the numerical representation is set to the minimum precision that is able to retain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-12 Franyell Silfa , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio Gonzàlez

Simulating many-body quantum systems on a classical computer is difficult due to the large number of degrees of freedom, causing the computational complexity to grow exponentially with system size. Tensor Networks (TN) is a framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Nir Gutman

Non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies such as spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) and spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) have significant advantages compared to conventional SRAM due to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Ahmet Inci , Mehmet Meric Isgenc , Diana Marculescu

Hardware accelerators for convolution neural networks (CNNs) enable real-time applications of artificial intelligence technology. However, most of the existing designs suffer from low hardware utilization or high area cost due to complex…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Kuo-Wei Chang , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The rapidly growing parameter volume of deep neural networks (DNNs) hinders the artificial intelligence applications on resource constrained devices, such as mobile and wearable devices. Neural network pruning, as one of the mainstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Ao Ren , Tao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Sheng Lin , Peiyan Dong , Yen-kuang Chen , Yuan Xie , Yanzhi Wang

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

This paper presents a programmable in-memory-computing processor, demonstrated in a 65nm CMOS technology. For data-centric workloads, such as deep neural networks, data movement often dominates when implemented with today's computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongyang Jia , Yinqi Tang , Hossein Valavi , Jintao Zhang , Naveen Verma

The execution of large deep neural networks (DNN) at mobile edge devices requires considerable consumption of critical resources, such as energy, while imposing demands on hardware capabilities. In approaches based on edge computing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Juliano S. Assine , J. C. S. Santos Filho , Eduardo Valle , Marco Levorato

The ubiquity of vision transformers (ViTs) for various edge applications, including personalized learning, has created the demand for on-device fine-tuning. However, training with the limited memory and computation power of edge devices…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sreetama Sarkar , Souvik Kundu , Kai Zheng , Peter A. Beerel

The emergence of heterogeneity and domain-specific architectures targeting deep learning inference show great potential for enabling the deployment of modern CNNs on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A significant development is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dmitri Lyalikov

In-network computing techniques, exemplified by NVLink SHARP (NVLS), offer a promising approach to addressing the communication bottlenecks in LLM inference by offloading collective operations such as All-Reduce to switches. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Aojie Jiang , Kang Zhu , Zhiheng Zhang , Zhengxu Su , Juntao Liu , Yuan Du , Li Du

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained significant interest for applications such as citation network analysis and drug discovery due to their ability to apply machine learning techniques on graph-structured data. GNNs typically employ a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Lizy John , Jaydeep P. Kulkarni

With the recent proliferation of on-device AI, there is an increasing need to run computationally intensive DNNs directly on mobile devices. However, the limited computing and memory resources of these devices necessitate effective pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Hayun Lee , Dongkun Shin

In speaker verification, ECAPA-TDNN has shown remarkable improvement by utilizing one-dimensional(1D) Res2Net block and squeeze-and-excitation(SE) module, along with multi-layer feature aggregation (MFA). Meanwhile, in vision tasks, ConvNet…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Hyun-Jun Heo , Ui-Hyeop Shin , Ran Lee , YoungJu Cheon , Hyung-Min Park

Compute-in-Memory (CIM) and weight sparsity are two effective techniques to reduce data movement during Neural Network (NN) inference. However, they can hardly be employed in the same accelerator simultaneously because CIM requires…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Weiping Yang , Shilin Zhou , Hui Xu , Yujiao Nie , Qimin Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Changlin Chen