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Vagueness and ambiguity in privacy policies threaten the ability of consumers to make informed choices about how businesses collect, use, and share their personal information. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018 was intended…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Rex Chen , Fei Fang , Thomas Norton , Aleecia M. McDonald , Norman Sadeh

Many online services, such as search engines, social media platforms, and digital marketplaces, are advertised as being available to any user, regardless of their age, gender, or other demographic factors. However, there are growing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Rishabh Mehrotra , Ashton Anderson , Fernando Diaz , Amit Sharma , Hanna Wallach , Emine Yilmaz

The widespread sharing of consumers personal information with third parties raises significant privacy concerns. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) mandates that online businesses offer consumers the option to opt out of the sale…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Van Tran , Aarushi Mehrotra , Marshini Chetty , Nick Feamster , Jens Frankenreiter , Lior Strahilevitz

AI chatbots are widely used by children and teens today, but they pose significant risks to youth's privacy and safety due to both increasingly personal conversations and potential exposure to unsafe content. While children under 13 are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Olivia Figueira , Pranathi Chamarthi , Tu Le , Athina Markopoulou

Increased concern about data privacy has prompted new and updated data protection regulations worldwide. However, there has been no rigorous way to test whether the practices mandated by these regulations actually align with the privacy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Noah Apthorpe , Sarah Varghese , Nick Feamster

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zengrui Liu , Umar Iqbal , Nitesh Saxena

Digital privacy has become an essential component of information and communications technology (ICT) systems. There are many existing methods for digital privacy protection, including network security, cryptography, and access control.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Hamoud Alhazmi , Ahmed Imran , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh

To protect privacy for data-collection-based services, local differential privacy (LDP) is widely adopted due to its rigorous theoretical bound on privacy loss. However, mistakes in complex theoretical analysis or subtle implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jingnan Xu , Leixia Wang , Xiaofeng Meng

This systematic literature review investigates perceptions, concerns, and expectations of young digital citizens regarding privacy in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on social media platforms, educational technology, gaming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ajay Kumar Shrestha , Ankur Barthwal , Molly Campbell , Austin Shouli , Saad Syed , Sandhya Joshi , Julita Vassileva

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) secures the right to Opt-Out for consumers in California. However, websites may implement complex consent mechanisms that potentially do not capture the user's true choices. We investigated the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Torsha Mazumdar , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

Data brokers collect and sell the personal information of millions of individuals, often without their knowledge or consent. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) grants consumers the legal right to request access to, or deletion of,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Elina van Kempen , Isita Bagayatkar , Pavel Frolikov , Chloe Georgiou , Gene Tsudik

Web privacy is experienced via two public artifacts: site utterances in policy texts, and the actions users are required to take during consent interfaces. In the extensive cross-section audits we've studied, there is a lack of longitudinal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haoze Guo

The development of tools and techniques to analyze and extract organizations data habits from privacy policies are critical for scalable regulatory compliance audits. Unfortunately, these tools are becoming increasingly limited in their…

On January 1, 2020, California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) by more than 56% of voters intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, United States. Since then, more conditions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Trong Nguyen

Auditing differential privacy has emerged as an important area of research that supports the design of privacy-preserving mechanisms. Privacy audits help to obtain empirical estimates of the privacy parameter, to expose flawed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Önder Askin , Tim Kutta , Holger Dette

Our research aims to highlight and alleviate the complex tensions around online safety, privacy, and smartphone usage in families so that parents and teens can work together to better manage mobile privacy and security-related risks. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mamtaj Akter , Amy Godfrey , Jess Kropczynski , Heather Lipford , Pamela Wisniewski

To protect user privacy in data analysis, a state-of-the-art strategy is differential privacy in which scientific noise is injected into the real analysis output. The noise masks individual's sensitive information contained in the dataset.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Xuan-Son Vu , Lili Jiang

We present new auditors to assess Differential Privacy (DP) of an algorithm based on output samples. Such empirical auditors are common to check for algorithmic correctness and implementation bugs. Most existing auditors are batch-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Tim Kutta , Martin Dunsche , Yu Wei , Vassilis Zikas

To protect consumer privacy, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) mandates that businesses provide consumers with a straightforward way to opt out of the sale and sharing of their personal information. However, the control that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Van Hong Tran , Aarushi Mehrotra , Ranya Sharma , Marshini Chetty , Nick Feamster , Jens Frankenreiter , Lior Strahilevitz

As e-commerce continues to expand, the urgency for stronger privacy and security measures becomes increasingly critical, particularly on platforms frequented by younger users who are often less aware of potential risks. In our analysis of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Urvashi Kishnani , Sanchari Das
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