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To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Magic describes the distance of a quantum state to its closest stabilizer state. It is -- like entanglement -- a necessary resource for a potential quantum advantage over classical computing. We study magic, quantified by stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Gerald E. Fux , Emanuele Tirrito , Marcello Dalmonte , Rosario Fazio

The nonstabilizerness of quantum states is a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, yet its characterization is notoriously demanding. Quantifying nonstabilizerness typically requires an exponential number of measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 J. M. Varela , L. L. Keller , A. de Oliveira Junior , D. A. Moreira , R. Chaves , R. A. Macêdo

Quantum error correction codes protect information from realistic noisy channels and lie at the heart of quantum computation and communication tasks. Understanding the optimal performance and other information-theoretic properties, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Guo Zheng , Wenhao He , Gideon Lee , Kyungjoo Noh , Liang Jiang

We address the issue of quantifying the non-Gaussian character of a bosonic quantum state and introduce a non-Gaussianity measure based on the Hilbert-Schmidt distance between the state under examination and a reference Gaussian state. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marco G. Genoni , Matteo G. A. Paris , Konrad Banaszek

Bosonic encoding of quantum information into harmonic oscillators is a hardware efficient approach to battle noise. In this regard, oscillator-to-oscillator codes not only provide an additional opportunity in bosonic encoding, but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Jing Wu , Anthony J. Brady , Quntao Zhuang

The probability distribution of a measure of non-stabilizerness, also known as magic, is investigated for Haar-random pure quantum states. Focusing on the stabilizer R\'enyi entropies, the associated probability density functions (PDFs) are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Daniele Iannotti , Lorenzo Campos Venuti , Alioscia Hamma

Identifying the boundary between classical and quantum computation is a central challenge in quantum information. In multi-qubit systems, entanglement and magic are the key resources underlying genuinely quantum behaviour. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Lorenzo Leone , Jens Eisert , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero

We give a new algorithm for computing the robustness of magic - a measure of the utility of quantum states as a computational resource. Our work is motivated by the magic state model of fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this model, all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Markus Heinrich , David Gross

Finding ways to quantify magic is an important problem in quantum information theory. Recently Leone, Oliviero and Hamma introduced a class of magic measures for qubits, the stabilizer entropies of order $\alpha$, to aid in studying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Gianluca Cuffaro , Christopher A. Fuchs

Gaussian states and measurements collectively are not powerful-enough resources for quantum computing, as any Gaussian dynamics can be simulated efficiently, classically. However, it is known that any one non-Gaussian resource -- either a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-17 Christos N. Gagatsos , Saikat Guha

Gaussian states are of fundamental importance in the physics of continuous-variable quantum systems. They are appealing for the experimental ease with which they can be produced, and for their compact and an elegant mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ulrik Lund Andersen

Gaussian states with nonclassical properties such as squeezing and entanglement serve as crucial resources for quantum information processing. Accurately quantifying these properties within multi-mode Gaussian states has posed some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Jiru Liu , Wenchao Ge , M. Suhail Zubairy

Notions of nonstabilizerness, or "magic", quantify how non-classical quantum states are in a precise sense: states exhibiting low nonstabilizerness preclude quantum advantage. We introduce 'pseudomagic' ensembles of quantum states that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Andi Gu , Lorenzo Leone , Soumik Ghosh , Jens Eisert , Susanne Yelin , Yihui Quek

We extend the controlled displacement interaction between a qubit and a harmonic oscillator to the multi-qubit (qudit) case. We define discrete quadratures of the qudit and show how the qudit state can be displaced in these quadratures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Anders J. E. Bjerrum , Ulrik L. Andersen , Peter Rabl

We present the experimental investigation of the non-Gaussian nature of some mixtures of Fock states by reconstructing their Wigner function and exploiting two recently introduced measures of non-Gaussianity. In particular, we demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-11 Alessia Allevi , Stefano Olivares , Maria Bondani

We introduce entropic measures to quantify non-classical resource in hybrid spin-boson systems. We discuss the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in the framework of phase space quantisation and define an analogous hybrid magic entropy and a mutual…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-11 Samuel Crew , Ying-Lin Li , Heng-Hsi Li , Po-Yao Chang

Wigner negativity and genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) are key nonclassical resources that enable computational advantages and broader quantum-information tasks. In this work, we prove two theorems for multimode continuous-variable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Lin Htoo Zaw , Jiajie Guo , Qiongyi He , Matteo Fadel , Shuheng Liu

Non-Gaussian states of light, such as GKP states, are essential resources for optical continuous-variable quantum computing. The ability to efficiently produce these states would open up tremendous prospects for quantum technologies in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Hector Simon , Lucas Caron , Romaric Journet , Viviane Cotte , Rosa Tualle-Brouri

Characterizing quantum magic -- the resource enabling computational advantage beyond stabilizer circuits -- is subtle in qubit systems because established measures can give conflicting information about the same state. We introduce C(rho),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Soumyojyoti Dutta , Tushar