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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has aided machine learning (ML) researchers with the power of scrutinizing the decisions of the black-box models. XAI methods enable looking deep inside the models' behavior, eventually generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the leading paradigm for solving graph analytical problems in various real-world applications. Nevertheless, GNNs could potentially render biased predictions towards certain demographic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yushun Dong , Song Wang , Jing Ma , Ninghao Liu , Jundong Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in solving graph classification tasks. However, most GNN architectures aggregate information from all nodes and edges in a graph, regardless of their relevance to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-19 Pablo Sanchez-Martin , Kinaan Aamir Khan , Isabel Valera

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely adopted in advanced AI systems due to their capability of representation learning on graph data. Even though GNN explanation is crucial to increase user trust in the systems, it is challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Tien-Cuong Bui , Wen-syan Li , Sang-Kyun Cha

Data-driven surrogate modeling has surged in capability in recent years with the emergence of graph neural networks (GNNs), which can operate directly on mesh-based representations of data. The goal of this work is to introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Shivam Barwey , Hojin Kim , Romit Maulik

Advanced cyber threats (e.g., Fileless Malware and Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)) have driven the adoption of provenance-based security solutions. These solutions employ Machine Learning (ML) models for behavioral modeling and critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Kunal Mukherjee , Joshua Wiedemeier , Tianhao Wang , Muhyun Kim , Feng Chen , Murat Kantarcioglu , Kangkook Jee

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a class of deep learning models capable of processing graph-structured data, and they have demonstrated significant performance in a variety of real-world applications. Recent studies have found that GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jiazhu Dai , Haoyu Sun

Given the increasing promise of graph neural networks (GNNs) in real-world applications, several methods have been developed for explaining their predictions. Existing methods for interpreting predictions from GNNs have primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Ana Lucic , Maartje ter Hoeve , Gabriele Tolomei , Maarten de Rijke , Fabrizio Silvestri

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models. Inspired by the learning to explain (L2X) paradigm, we propose L2XGNN, a framework for explainable GNNs which provides faithful explanations by design. L2XGNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Giuseppe Serra , Mathias Niepert

We consider the problem of explaining the predictions of graph neural networks (GNNs), which otherwise are considered as black boxes. Existing methods invariably focus on explaining the importance of graph nodes or edges but ignore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Hao Yuan , Haiyang Yu , Jie Wang , Kang Li , Shuiwang Ji

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning architectures for machine learning problems on graphs. It has recently been shown that the expressiveness of GNNs can be characterised precisely by the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Martin Grohe

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many graph learning tasks. However, recent studies show that GNNs are vulnerable to both test-time evasion and training-time poisoning attacks that perturb the graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Binghui Wang , Meng Pang , Yun Dong

While graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for node and graph representation learning tasks, the reliability of GNN uncertainty estimates under distribution shifts remains relatively under-explored. Indeed, while post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Puja Trivedi , Mark Heimann , Rushil Anirudh , Danai Koutra , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Recent advancements in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have spurred an upsurge of research dedicated to enhancing the explainability of GNNs, particularly in critical domains such as medicine. A promising approach is the self-explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jingyu Peng , Qi Liu , Linan Yue , Zaixi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Yunhao Sha

A variety of explanation methods have been proposed in recent years to help users gain insights into the results returned by neural networks, which are otherwise complex and opaque black-boxes. However, explanations give rise to potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Pengrui Quan , Supriyo Chakraborty , Jeya Vikranth Jeyakumar , Mani Srivastava

Graph neural networks (GNN) are deep learning architectures for graphs. Essentially, a GNN is a distributed message passing algorithm, which is controlled by parameters learned from data. It operates on the vertices of a graph: in each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Martin Grohe , Eran Rosenbluth

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are increasingly used to model complex patterns in graph-structured data. However, enabling them to "forget" designated information remains challenging, especially under privacy regulations such as the GDPR.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Imran Ahsan , Hyunwook Yu , Jinsung Kim , Mucheol Kim

Comprehensible neural network explanations are foundations for a better understanding of decisions, especially when the input data are infused with malicious perturbations. Existing solutions generally mitigate the impact of perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yicong Li , Kuanjiu Zhou , Shuo Yu , Qiang Zhang , Renqiang Luo , Xiaodong Li , Feng Xia