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Volumetric ultrasound imaging faces a fundamental trade-off among image quality, frame rate, and hardware complexity. This study introduces three-dimensional Null Subtraction Imaging (3D NSI), a nonlinear beamforming framework that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Bingze Dai , Xi Zhang , Wei-Ning Lee

Though structured illumination (SI) microscopy is a popular imaging technique conventionally associated with fluorescent super-resolution, recent works have suggested its applicability towards sub-diffraction coherent imaging with…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-13 Shwetadwip Chowdhury , Will J. Eldridge , Adam Wax , Joseph A. Izatt

Medical imaging analysis faces challenges such as data scarcity, high annotation costs, and privacy concerns. This paper introduces the Medical AI for Synthetic Imaging (MAISI), an innovative approach using the diffusion model to generate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Pengfei Guo , Can Zhao , Dong Yang , Ziyue Xu , Vishwesh Nath , Yucheng Tang , Benjamin Simon , Mason Belue , Stephanie Harmon , Baris Turkbey , Daguang Xu

Despite the remarkable performance of supervised medical image segmentation models, relying on a large amount of labeled data is impractical in real-world situations. Semi-supervised learning approaches aim to alleviate this challenge using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunyao Lu , Yihang Wu , Ahmad Chaddad , Tareef Daqqaq , Reem Kateb

Optical imaging systems are inherently imperfect due to diffraction limits, lens manufacturing tolerances, assembly misalignment, and other physical constraints. In addition, unavoidable camera shake and object motion further introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yanlong Yang , Guanxiong Luo

Obtaining pixel-level annotations in the medical domain is both expensive and time-consuming, often requiring close collaboration between clinical experts and developers. Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to leverage limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lin Xi , Yingliang Ma , Cheng Wang , Sandra Howell , Aldo Rinaldi , Kawal S. Rhode

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-destructive and contactless technology that provides valuable information about the structure and composition of an object. It can capture detailed information about the chemical and physical properties…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Nooshin Noshiri , Michael A. Beck , Christopher P. Bidinosti , Christopher J. Henry

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the subcellular organisation and morphology of cells and tissues is essential for understanding biological function. Although staining is the most widely used approach for visualising biological samples…

3D medical image segmentation is a challenging task with crucial implications for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Recent advances in deep learning have significantly enhanced fully supervised medical image segmentation. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Runmin Jiang , Zhaoxin Fan , Junhao Wu , Lenghan Zhu , Xin Huang , Tianyang Wang , Heng Huang , Min Xu

Current in vivo microscopy allows us detailed spatiotemporal imaging (3D+t) of complete organisms and offers insights into their development on the cellular level. Even though the imaging speed and quality is steadily improving,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-31 Sourabh Bhide , Ralf Mikut , Maria Leptin , Johannes Stegmaier

This work introduces a novel reinterpretation of structured illumination (SI) microscopy for coherent imaging that allows three-dimensional imaging of complex refractive index (RI). To do so, we show that coherent SI is mathematically…

Optics · Physics 2017-05-11 Shwetadwip Chowdhury , Will J. Eldridge , Adam Wax , Joseph A. Izatt

Surgical reconstruction of dynamic tissues from endoscopic videos is a crucial technology in robot-assisted surgery. The development of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) has greatly advanced deformable tissue reconstruction, achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wenfeng Huang , Xiangyun Liao , Yinling Qian , Hao Liu , Yongming Yang , Wenjing Jia , Qiong Wang

An ideal imaging system provides a spatial resolution that is ultimately dictated by the numerical aperture (NA) of the illumination and collection optics. In biological tissue, resolution is further affected by scattering limiting the…

Accurate and interpretable image-based diagnosis remains a fundamental challenge in medical AI, particularly under domain shifts and rare-class conditions. Deep learning models often struggle with real-world distribution changes, exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-13 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Farhat Shaikh , Kuntal Thakur , Sandeep Gupta

Spatially aligning medical images from different modalities remains a challenging task, especially for intraoperative applications that require fast and robust algorithms. We propose a weakly-supervised, label-driven formulation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Yipeng Hu , Marc Modat , Eli Gibson , Nooshin Ghavami , Ester Bonmati , Caroline M. Moore , Mark Emberton , J. Alison Noble , Dean C. Barratt , Tom Vercauteren

Ptychography is an attractive advance of coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), which can provide high lateral resolution and wide field of view. The theoretical resolution of ptychography is dose-limited, therefore making ptychography…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Huixiang Lin , Fucai Zhang

Purpose: To propose a deep learning-based reconstruction framework for ultrafast and robust diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography. Methods: We propose SuperDTI to learn the nonlinear relationship between diffusion-weighted images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Hongyu Li , Zifei Liang , Chaoyi Zhang , Ruiying Liu , Jing Li , Weihong Zhang , Dong Liang , Bowen Shen , Xiaoliang Zhang , Yulin Ge , Jiangyang Zhang , Leslie Ying

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging biological samples with molecular specificity. In contrast, phase microscopy provides label-free measurement of the sample's refractive index (RI), which is an intrinsic optical…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-26 Yi Xue , David Ren , Laura Waller

Pseudo-healthy image inpainting is an essential preprocessing step for analyzing pathological brain MRI scans. Most current inpainting methods favor slice-wise 2D models for their high in-plane fidelity, but their independence across slices…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Dou Hoon Kwark , Shirui Luo , Xiyue Zhu , Yudu Li , Zhi-Pei Liang , Volodymyr Kindratenko

The measurement of three-dimensional (3D) images and the analysis of subcellular organelles are crucial for the study of the pathophysiology of cells and tissues. Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) facilitates label-free and quantitative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-08 Taean Chang , Seungwoo Shin , Moosung Lee , YongKeun Park