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Related papers: Unveiling the Safety of GPT-4o: An Empirical Study…

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Recently, the concept of artificial assistants has evolved from science fiction into real-world applications. GPT-4o, the newest multimodal large language model (MLLM) across audio, vision, and text, has further blurred the line between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened concerns regarding their exposure to jailbreak attacks, which craft adversarial inputs designed to elicit unsafe content. Although proprietary models such as GPT-4 have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaodong Wu , Xiangman Li , Qi Li , Lingshuang Liu , Jianbing Ni

GPT-4V has attracted considerable attention due to its extraordinary capacity for integrating and processing multimodal information. At the same time, its ability of face recognition raises new safety concerns of privacy leakage. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yuanwei Wu , Yue Huang , Yixin Liu , Xiang Li , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

With the rise of multimodal large language models, GPT-4o stands out as a pioneering model, driving us to evaluate its capabilities. This report assesses GPT-4o across various tasks to analyze its audio processing and reasoning abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yu-Xiang Lin , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Chih Chen , Chen-An Li , Chien-yu Huang , Xuanjun Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Various jailbreak attacks have been proposed to red-team Large Language Models (LLMs) and revealed the vulnerable safeguards of LLMs. Besides, some methods are not limited to the textual modality and extend the jailbreak attack to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Bailan He , Zifeng Ding , Wenqian Yu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the naturalness and flexibility of human computer interaction by enabling seamless understanding across text, vision, and audio modalities. Among these,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Binhao Ma , Hanqing Guo , Zhengping Jay Luo , Rui Duan

The rapid evolution of multimodal foundation models has led to significant advancements in cross-modal understanding and generation across diverse modalities, including text, images, audio, and video. However, these models remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xuannan Liu , Xing Cui , Peipei Li , Zekun Li , Huaibo Huang , Shuhan Xia , Miaoxuan Zhang , Yueying Zou , Ran He

Jailbreak attacks are crucial for identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). They are designed to bypass safeguards and elicit prohibited outputs. However, due to significant differences among…

Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models have exhibited exciting progress in their capabilities, capturing the interest of practitioners and the public alike. Yet, while the literature on the trustworthiness of GPT models remains…

Jailbreak attacks to Large audio-language models (LALMs) are studied recently, but they exclusively focused on the attack scenario where the adversary can fully manipulate user prompts (named strong adversary) and limited in effectiveness,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Zhe Zhao , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Yanchen Qiao , Weizhe Zhang , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Bo Du

The recent boom and rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into a wide range of applications warrants a deeper understanding of their security and safety vulnerabilities. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tom Perel

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popular, powering a wide range of applications. Their widespread use has sparked concerns, especially through jailbreak attacks that bypass safety measures to produce harmful content. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhengchun Shang , Wenlan Wei , Weiheng Bai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for their advanced text generation capabilities across various domains. However, like any software, they face security challenges, including the risk of 'jailbreak' attacks that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Ling Shi , Xiaoning Ren , Yaowen Zheng , Yang Liu , Yinxing Xue

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their safe use becomes increasingly critical. Fine-tuning is a widely used method for adapting models to downstream tasks, yet it is vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiangfang Li , Yu Wang , Bo Li

While defenses against single-turn jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved significantly, multi-turn jailbreaks remain a persistent vulnerability, often achieving success rates exceeding 70% against models optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xiaoxue Yang , Jaeha Lee , Anna-Katharina Dick , Jasper Timm , Fei Xie , Diogo Cruz

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their power comes with significant security considerations. While extensive research has been conducted on the safety of LLMs in chat mode, the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Zihui Wu , Haichang Gao , Jianping He , Ping Wang

The rapid advancements in generative AI models, such as ChatGPT, have introduced both significant benefits and new risks within the cybersecurity landscape. This paper investigates the potential misuse of the latest AI model, ChatGPT-4o…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rina Mishra , Gaurav Varshney , Shreya Singh

GPT-4o is an autoregressive omni model that accepts as input any combination of text, audio, image, and video, and generates any combination of text, audio, and image outputs. It's trained end-to-end across text, vision, and audio, meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 OpenAI , : , Aaron Hurst , Adam Lerer , Adam P. Goucher , Adam Perelman , Aditya Ramesh , Aidan Clark , AJ Ostrow , Akila Welihinda , Alan Hayes , Alec Radford , Aleksander Mądry , Alex Baker-Whitcomb , Alex Beutel , Alex Borzunov , Alex Carney , Alex Chow , Alex Kirillov , Alex Nichol , Alex Paino , Alex Renzin , Alex Tachard Passos , Alexander Kirillov , Alexi Christakis , Alexis Conneau , Ali Kamali , Allan Jabri , Allison Moyer , Allison Tam , Amadou Crookes , Amin Tootoochian , Amin Tootoonchian , Ananya Kumar , Andrea Vallone , Andrej Karpathy , Andrew Braunstein , Andrew Cann , Andrew Codispoti , Andrew Galu , Andrew Kondrich , Andrew Tulloch , Andrey Mishchenko , Angela Baek , Angela Jiang , Antoine Pelisse , Antonia Woodford , Anuj Gosalia , Arka Dhar , Ashley Pantuliano , Avi Nayak , Avital Oliver , Barret Zoph , Behrooz Ghorbani , Ben Leimberger , Ben Rossen , Ben Sokolowsky , Ben Wang , Benjamin Zweig , Beth Hoover , Blake Samic , Bob McGrew , Bobby Spero , Bogo Giertler , Bowen Cheng , Brad Lightcap , Brandon Walkin , Brendan Quinn , Brian Guarraci , Brian Hsu , Bright Kellogg , Brydon Eastman , Camillo Lugaresi , Carroll Wainwright , Cary Bassin , Cary Hudson , Casey Chu , Chad Nelson , Chak Li , Chan Jun Shern , Channing Conger , Charlotte Barette , Chelsea Voss , Chen Ding , Cheng Lu , Chong Zhang , Chris Beaumont , Chris Hallacy , Chris Koch , Christian Gibson , Christina Kim , Christine Choi , Christine McLeavey , Christopher Hesse , Claudia Fischer , Clemens Winter , Coley Czarnecki , Colin Jarvis , Colin Wei , Constantin Koumouzelis , Dane Sherburn , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levin , Daniel Levy , David Carr , David Farhi , David Mely , David Robinson , David Sasaki , Denny Jin , Dev Valladares , Dimitris Tsipras , Doug Li , Duc Phong Nguyen , Duncan Findlay , Edede Oiwoh , Edmund Wong , Ehsan Asdar , Elizabeth Proehl , Elizabeth Yang , Eric Antonow , Eric Kramer , Eric Peterson , Eric Sigler , Eric Wallace , Eugene Brevdo , Evan Mays , Farzad Khorasani , Felipe Petroski Such , Filippo Raso , Francis Zhang , Fred von Lohmann , Freddie Sulit , Gabriel Goh , Gene Oden , Geoff Salmon , Giulio Starace , Greg Brockman , Hadi Salman , Haiming Bao , Haitang Hu , Hannah Wong , Haoyu Wang , Heather Schmidt , Heather Whitney , Heewoo Jun , Hendrik Kirchner , Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto , Hongyu Ren , Huiwen Chang , Hyung Won Chung , Ian Kivlichan , Ian O'Connell , Ian O'Connell , Ian Osband , Ian Silber , Ian Sohl , Ibrahim Okuyucu , Ikai Lan , Ilya Kostrikov , Ilya Sutskever , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Ishaan Gulrajani , Jacob Coxon , Jacob Menick , Jakub Pachocki , James Aung , James Betker , James Crooks , James Lennon , Jamie Kiros , Jan Leike , Jane Park , Jason Kwon , Jason Phang , Jason Teplitz , Jason Wei , Jason Wolfe , Jay Chen , Jeff Harris , Jenia Varavva , Jessica Gan Lee , Jessica Shieh , Ji Lin , Jiahui Yu , Jiayi Weng , Jie Tang , Jieqi Yu , Joanne Jang , Joaquin Quinonero Candela , Joe Beutler , Joe Landers , Joel Parish , Johannes Heidecke , John Schulman , Jonathan Lachman , Jonathan McKay , Jonathan Uesato , Jonathan Ward , Jong Wook Kim , Joost Huizinga , Jordan Sitkin , Jos Kraaijeveld , Josh Gross , Josh Kaplan , Josh Snyder , Joshua Achiam , Joy Jiao , Joyce Lee , Juntang Zhuang , Justyn Harriman , Kai Fricke , Kai Hayashi , Karan Singhal , Katy Shi , Kavin Karthik , Kayla Wood , Kendra Rimbach , Kenny Hsu , Kenny Nguyen , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin Button , Kevin Liu , Kiel Howe , Krithika Muthukumar , Kyle Luther , Lama Ahmad , Larry Kai , Lauren Itow , Lauren Workman , Leher Pathak , Leo Chen , Li Jing , Lia Guy , Liam Fedus , Liang Zhou , Lien Mamitsuka , Lilian Weng , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Long Ouyang , Louis Feuvrier , Lu Zhang , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Luke Hewitt , Luke Metz , Lyric Doshi , Mada Aflak , Maddie Simens , Madelaine Boyd , Madeleine Thompson , Marat Dukhan , Mark Chen , Mark Gray , Mark Hudnall , Marvin Zhang , Marwan Aljubeh , Mateusz Litwin , Matthew Zeng , Max Johnson , Maya Shetty , Mayank Gupta , Meghan Shah , Mehmet Yatbaz , Meng Jia Yang , Mengchao Zhong , Mia Glaese , Mianna Chen , Michael Janner , Michael Lampe , Michael Petrov , Michael Wu , Michele Wang , Michelle Fradin , Michelle Pokrass , Miguel Castro , Miguel Oom Temudo de Castro , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Brundage , Miles Wang , Minal Khan , Mira Murati , Mo Bavarian , Molly Lin , Murat Yesildal , Nacho Soto , Natalia Gimelshein , Natalie Cone , Natalie Staudacher , Natalie Summers , Natan LaFontaine , Neil Chowdhury , Nick Ryder , Nick Stathas , Nick Turley , Nik Tezak , Niko Felix , Nithanth Kudige , Nitish Keskar , Noah Deutsch , Noel Bundick , Nora Puckett , Ofir Nachum , Ola Okelola , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Oliver Jaffe , Olivia Watkins , Olivier Godement , Owen Campbell-Moore , Patrick Chao , Paul McMillan , Pavel Belov , Peng Su , Peter Bak , Peter Bakkum , Peter Deng , Peter Dolan , Peter Hoeschele , Peter Welinder , Phil Tillet , Philip Pronin , Philippe Tillet , Prafulla Dhariwal , Qiming Yuan , Rachel Dias , Rachel Lim , Rahul Arora , Rajan Troll , Randall Lin , Rapha Gontijo Lopes , Raul Puri , Reah Miyara , Reimar Leike , Renaud Gaubert , Reza Zamani , Ricky Wang , Rob Donnelly , Rob Honsby , Rocky Smith , Rohan Sahai , Rohit Ramchandani , Romain Huet , Rory Carmichael , Rowan Zellers , Roy Chen , Ruby Chen , Ruslan Nigmatullin , Ryan Cheu , Saachi Jain , Sam Altman , Sam Schoenholz , Sam Toizer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Sara Culver , Scott Ethersmith , Scott Gray , Sean Grove , Sean Metzger , Shamez Hermani , Shantanu Jain , Shengjia Zhao , Sherwin Wu , Shino Jomoto , Shirong Wu , Shuaiqi , Xia , Sonia Phene , Spencer Papay , Srinivas Narayanan , Steve Coffey , Steve Lee , Stewart Hall , Suchir Balaji , Tal Broda , Tal Stramer , Tao Xu , Tarun Gogineni , Taya Christianson , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thomas Cunninghman , Thomas Degry , Thomas Dimson , Thomas Raoux , Thomas Shadwell , Tianhao Zheng , Todd Underwood , Todor Markov , Toki Sherbakov , Tom Rubin , Tom Stasi , Tomer Kaftan , Tristan Heywood , Troy Peterson , Tyce Walters , Tyna Eloundou , Valerie Qi , Veit Moeller , Vinnie Monaco , Vishal Kuo , Vlad Fomenko , Wayne Chang , Weiyi Zheng , Wenda Zhou , Wesam Manassra , Will Sheu , Wojciech Zaremba , Yash Patil , Yilei Qian , Yongjik Kim , Youlong Cheng , Yu Zhang , Yuchen He , Yuchen Zhang , Yujia Jin , Yunxing Dai , Yury Malkov

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang

Jailbreak attacks bypass the guardrails of large language models to produce harmful outputs. In this paper, we ask whether the model outputs produced by existing jailbreaks are actually useful. For example, when jailbreaking a model to give…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Kristina Nikolić , Luze Sun , Jie Zhang , Florian Tramèr
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