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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a transformative approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external knowledge sources. Yet, a critical question persists: how can vast volumes of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Carlo Merola , Jaspinder Singh

High-fidelity agent initialization is crucial for credible Agent-Based Modeling across diverse domains. A robust framework should be Topic-Adaptive, capturing macro-level joint distributions while ensuring micro-level individual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongxin Chen , Tianyu Wu , Bingbing Xu , Jiatang Luo , Xiucheng Xu , Huawei Shen

To sustain coherent long-term interactions, Large Language Model (LLM) agents must navigate the tension between acquiring new information and retaining prior knowledge. Current unified stream-based memory systems facilitate context updates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhaofen Wu , Hanrong Zhang , Fulin Lin , Wujiang Xu , Xinran Xu , Yankai Chen , Henry Peng Zou , Shaowen Chen , Weizhi Zhang , Xue Liu , Philip S. Yu , Hongwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been widely adopted in conversational agents. However, the increasingly long interactions between users and agents accumulate extensive dialogue records, making it difficult for LLMs with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Derong Xu , Yi Wen , Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , wenlin zhang , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Xiangyu Zhao , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

Although long-term memory systems have made substantial progress in recent years, they still exhibit clear limitations in adaptability, scalability, and self-evolution under continuous interaction settings. Inspired by cognitive theories,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ningning Zhang , Xingxing Yang , Zhizhong Tan , Weiping Deng , Wenyong Wang

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a key means to effectively enhance large language models (LLMs) in many knowledge-based tasks. However, existing RAG methods struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks, because useful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhuoqun Li , Xuanang Chen , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Qiaoyu Tang , Fei Huang , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

Many recent long-context and agentic systems address context-length limitations by adding hierarchical memory: they extract atomic units from raw data, build multi-level representatives by grouping and compression, and traverse this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yashar Talebirad , Ali Parsaee , Csongor Y. Szepesvari , Amirhossein Nadiri , Osmar Zaiane

To process contexts with unlimited length using Large Language Models (LLMs), recent studies explore hierarchically managing the long text. Only several text fragments are taken from the external memory and passed into the temporary working…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xihang Yue , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Building models that take advantage of the hierarchical structure of language without a priori annotation is a longstanding goal in natural language processing. We introduce such a model for the task of machine translation, pairing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-07 James Bradbury , Richard Socher

Multimedia or spoken content presents more attractive information than plain text content, but the former is more difficult to display on a screen and be selected by a user. As a result, accessing large collections of the former is much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Wei Fang , Jui-Yang Hsu , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-Shan Lee

We present a new recurrent neural network topology to enhance state-of-the-art machine learning systems by incorporating a broader context. Our approach overcomes recent limitations with extended narratives through a multi-layered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Patrick Huber , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel

How to incorporate external knowledge into a neural dialogue model is critically important for dialogue systems to behave like real humans. To handle this problem, memory networks are usually a great choice and a promising way. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Zehao Lin , Xinjing Huang , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Ying Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to ground large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge, yet it remains largely underexplored for improving reasoning. Existing methods either rely on online exploration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiaxiang Chen , Zhuo Wang , Mingxi Zou , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

Recent advances in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) furnish large language models (LLMs) with iterative retrievals of relevant information to handle complex multi-hop questions. These methods typically alternate between LLM reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Li , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Current state-of-the-art large language models are effective in generating high-quality text and encapsulating a broad spectrum of world knowledge. These models, however, often hallucinate and lack locally relevant factual data.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anton Shapkin , Denis Litvinov , Yaroslav Zharov , Egor Bogomolov , Timur Galimzyanov , Timofey Bryksin

Open-domain long-form text generation requires generating coherent, comprehensive responses that address complex queries with both breadth and depth. This task is challenging due to the need to accurately capture diverse facets of input…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Kashob Kumar Roy , Pritom Saha Akash , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang , Lucian Popa

Humans perceive the world as a series of sequential events, which can be hierarchically organized with different levels of abstraction based on conceptual knowledge. Drawing inspiration from human learning behaviors, this work proposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Quyen Tran , Hoang Phan , Minh Le , Tuan Truong , Dinh Phung , Linh Ngo , Thien Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Trung Le

Generating high-quality answers consistently by providing contextual information embedded in the prompt passed to the Large Language Model (LLM) is dependent on the quality of information retrieval. As the corpus of contextual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sai Ganesh , Anupam Purwar , Gautam B