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Million-level token inputs in long-context tasks pose significant computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, DeepSeek-OCR conducted research into the feasibility of Contexts Optical Compression and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Fanfan Liu , Haibo Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

Long-context reasoning has significantly empowered large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks, yet it introduces severe efficiency bottlenecks due to the computational complexity. Existing efficient approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yibo Wang , Yongcheng Jing , Shunyu Liu , Hao Guan , Rong-cheng Tu , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents in dynamic, real-world environments, where success requires both reasoning and effective tool use. A central challenge for agentic tasks is the growing context length, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Minki Kang , Wei-Ning Chen , Dongge Han , Huseyin A. Inan , Lukas Wutschitz , Yanzhi Chen , Robert Sim , Saravan Rajmohan

Retrieving documents and prepending them in-context at inference time improves performance of language model (LMs) on a wide range of tasks. However, these documents, often spanning hundreds of words, make inference substantially more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Fangyuan Xu , Weijia Shi , Eunsol Choi

Text representation plays a critical role in tasks like clustering, retrieval, and other downstream applications. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), there is increasing interest in harnessing their capabilities for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yeqin Zhang , Yizheng Zhao , Chen Hu , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Ruihang Miao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) typically have a limited context window, resulting in significant performance degradation when processing text beyond the length of the context window. Extensive studies have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zican Dong , Junyi Li , Xin Men , Wayne Xin Zhao , Bingbing Wang , Zhen Tian , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Recurrent neural networks have proved to be an effective method for statistical language modeling. However, in practice their memory and run-time complexity are usually too large to be implemented in real-time offline mobile applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Artem M. Grachev , Dmitry I. Ignatov , Andrey V. Savchenko

Long context compression is a critical research problem due to its significance in reducing the high computational and memory costs associated with LLMs. In this paper, we propose Activation Beacon, a plug-in module for transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Peitian Zhang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Ninglu Shao , Qiwei Ye , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer have been widely applied in the filed of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating strong performance, particularly in handling short text tasks. However, when it comes to long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yijun Liu , Jinzheng Yu , Yang Xu , Zhongyang Li , Qingfu Zhu

We propose RecaLLM, a set of reasoning language models post-trained to make effective use of long-context information. In-context retrieval, which identifies relevant evidence from context, and reasoning are deeply intertwined: retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Kyle Whitecross , Negin Rahimi

A recent trend in LLMs is developing recurrent sub-quadratic models that improve long-context processing efficiency. We investigate leading large long-context models, focusing on how their fixed-size recurrent memory affects their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Assaf Ben-Kish , Itamar Zimerman , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Lior Wolf , James Glass , Leonid Karlinsky , Raja Giryes

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant performance gains using advanced prompting techniques over various tasks. However, the increasing length of prompts leads to high computational costs and often obscures crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Eunseong Choi , Sunkyung Lee , Minjin Choi , June Park , Jongwuk Lee

Managing extensive context remains a critical bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in applications like long-document question answering and autonomous agents where lengthy inputs incur high computational costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yiqing Zhou , Yu Lei , Shuzheng Si , Qingyan Sun , Wei Wang , Yifei Wu , Hao Wen , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun

Long-context LLM agents often struggle with growing token, memory, and latency costs, making efficient context compression essential for practical deployment. Existing LLM-as-a-compressor methods remain noticeably inferior to using the full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiangnan Ye , Hanqi Yan , Zhenyi Shen , Heng Chang , Ye Mao , Yulan He

With context windows of millions of tokens, Long-Context Language Models (LCLMs) can encode entire document collections, offering a strong alternative to conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Francesco Maria Molfese , Momchil Hardalov , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are pioneering advances in many natural language processing tasks, however, their exceptional capabilities are restricted within the preset context window of Transformer. Position Embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guanzheng Chen , Xin Li , Zaiqiao Meng , Shangsong Liang , Lidong Bing

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan