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Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of extensively used techniques in a network topology to safeguard the integrity and availability of sensitive assets in the protected systems. Although many supervised and unsupervised learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Shanqing Jiang , Mian Dai

NIDSs identify malicious activities by analyzing network traffic. NIDSs are trained with the samples of benign and intrusive network traffic. Training samples belong to either majority or minority classes depending upon the number of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Punam Bedi , Neha Gupta , Vinita Jindal

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has achieved great success in overcoming the difficulties of labeling and making full use of unlabeled data. However, SSL has a limited assumption that the numbers of samples in different classes are balanced,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Minsung Hyun , Jisoo Jeong , Nojun Kwak

Deep learning-based fine-grained network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) enable different attacks to be responded to in a fast and targeted manner with the help of large-scale labels. However, the cost of labeling causes insufficient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Xinran Zheng , Shuo Yang , Xingjun Wang

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly popular in various applications, especially with the emergence of 6G systems and networks. However, their widespread adoption has also led to concerns regarding security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Safaa Menssouri , Mamady Delamou , Khalil Ibrahimi , El Mehdi Amhoud

Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industries. The community, after many years of research, still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient IDS that are capable of handling large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Andrew Hamilton , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Class imbalance, where certain classes have insufficient data, poses a critical challenge for robust classification, often biasing models toward majority classes. Distribution calibration offers a promising avenue to address this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Priyobrata Mondal , Faizanuddin Ansari , Swagatam Das

In today's digital age, our dependence on IoT (Internet of Things) and IIoT (Industrial IoT) systems has grown immensely, which facilitates sensitive activities such as banking transactions and personal, enterprise data, and legal document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Md. Ashraf Uddin , Sunil Aryal , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Muna Al-Hawawreh , Md. Alamin Talukder

The purpose of this research report is to present the our learning curve and the exposure to the Machine Learning life cycle, with the use of a Kaggle binary classification data set and taking to explore various techniques from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Mohamed Hamama

Our increasingly connected world continues to face an ever-growing amount of network-based attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are an essential security technology for detecting these attacks. Although numerous machine learning-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Caroline Strickland , Chandrika Saha , Muhammad Zakar , Sareh Nejad , Noshin Tasnim , Daniel Lizotte , Anwar Haque

An application of software known as an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) employs machine algorithms to identify network intrusions. Selective logging, safeguarding privacy, reputation-based defense against numerous attacks, and dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhammad Zawad Mahmud , Samiha Islam , Shahran Rahman Alve , Al Jubayer Pial

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of the implemented solutions against harmful attacks. Furthermore, attackers always keep changing their tools and techniques. However, implementing an accepted IDS system is also a challenging task.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Mohammad Almseidin , Maen Alzubi , Szilveszter Kovacs , Mouhammd Alkasassbeh

One of the most difficult challenges in cybersecurity is eliminating Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Automating this task using artificial intelligence is a complex process due to the inherent class imbalance and lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Ehsan Hallaji , Vaishnavi Shanmugam , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Mehrdad Saif

Since the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), exchanging vast amounts of information has increased the number of security threats in networks. As a result, intrusion detection based on deep learning (DL) has been developed to achieve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Caihong Wang , Du Xu , Zonghang Li , Dusit Niyato

In the last decades, researchers, practitioners and companies struggled in devising mechanisms to detect malicious activities originating security threats. Amongst the many solutions, network intrusion detection emerged as one of the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Tommaso Zoppi , Andrea Ceccarelli

Cyberattack detection in Critical Infrastructure and Supply Chains has become challenging in Industry 4.0. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are deployed to counter the cyberattacks. However, an IDS effectively detects attacks based on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Smita Khapre

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a software that monitors a single or a network of computers for malicious activities (attacks) that are aimed at stealing or censoring information or corrupting network protocols. Most techniques used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Mahdi Zamani , Mahnush Movahedi

With the rapidly spreading usage of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) plays an important role in detecting and protecting various types of attacks in the IoT network. To evaluate the robustness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jesse Atuhurra , Takanori Hara , Yuanyu Zhang , Masahiro Sasabe , Shoji Kasahara

Monitoring network traffic to maintain the quality of service (QoS) and to detect network intrusions in a timely and efficient manner is essential. As network traffic is sequential, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as long short-term…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Muhammad Wasim Nawaz , Rashid Munawar , Ahsan Mehmood , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Qammer H. Abbasi

Recently, advances in machine learning techniques have attracted the attention of the research community to build intrusion detection systems (IDS) that can detect anomalies in the network traffic. Most of the research works, however, do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Tara Salman , Deval Bhamare , Aiman Erbad , Raj Jain , Mohammed Samaka